zahri nezamevandchgeni; hasan saraei
Abstract
One of the most important and effective factors in development is the maximum participation of men and women in labor force. Women, as half of the potential labor force in any society, can accelerate the trend of economic growth and development through their contribution to economic activities. The present ...
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One of the most important and effective factors in development is the maximum participation of men and women in labor force. Women, as half of the potential labor force in any society, can accelerate the trend of economic growth and development through their contribution to economic activities. The present paper studies the effect of demographic, social, and economic variables on women’s labor force participation, using 2% sample data from the 2006 Census of Tehran. After reviewing theoretical and experimental literature, the most effective variables (with regard to the available data) in women’s participation were identified. After conducting the bivariate analysis, the final analysis was performed using the logistic regression. The results of the research demonstrated that divorced and never-married women in Tehran had higher labor force participation than married women or widows. Fertility rate had a negative effect on women’s labor force participation. In other words, women without children had higher labor force participation than those with children. Also, education level was another effective variable with a positive effect on with women’s labor force participation in Tehran. Moreover, family economic status had a significant effect on the level of participation. In other words, women in low-income families had higher labor force participation than those in high-income families. The results of logistic regression, with control for age, showed that the effect of variables in all models on the activity of women of all ages was statistically significant at the level of 99%. Education level, with control for other variables, was the most effective variable on the activity of all women, except those aged 20-34 years; while marital status, with control for other factors, was the most effective variable for women aged 20-34 years. The identification level of models according to the related independent variables was identified to be high and the predictability rate of models was more than 80%. All the four analyzed variables, therefore, had high effects on women’s labor force participation. In general, it can be concluded that the level of education not only had direct effect on women’s participation, but also indirectly increased it through affecting marital status (increasing age at marriage and divorce rate) as well as reducing the level of fertility. Therefore, these variables, along with others, affect the decision of women to join labor force.
hananehsadat sadeghi; hasan saraie
Abstract
This research is done in order to study the factors that affect the trend among women to have babies in District 1 and District 19 of Tehran and compare them. A decrease in fertility rate in this city is one of the demographical characteristics of the city. So a study on Tehran is of great importance. ...
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This research is done in order to study the factors that affect the trend among women to have babies in District 1 and District 19 of Tehran and compare them. A decrease in fertility rate in this city is one of the demographical characteristics of the city. So a study on Tehran is of great importance. The Statistical population of this research includes all mothers who go to optometry and audiometry centers for children starting school education. The goal of this research is to study the effect of variables of social support and women’s employment on further pregnancy. Based on the results of Samers' d and Kendall’s tests on variables of social support and inclination to have more children, another significant relationship is identified that shows the strength of kinship network in Iran. But no significant relationship is revealed between the variable of women's employment and socio-economic status of family on the one hand, and inclination to have more children, on the other hand.
