Abdorasool Hashemi; Mostafa Azkia; Seyyed Yaghoub Mousavi
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand the lived experience of urban poor of the causes affecting poverty. The research method was grounded theory and the study population included the heads of urban poor households living in districts 17, 18 and 19 of Tehran Municipality. Sampling was initially ...
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The purpose of this study is to understand the lived experience of urban poor of the causes affecting poverty. The research method was grounded theory and the study population included the heads of urban poor households living in districts 17, 18 and 19 of Tehran Municipality. Sampling was initially purposeful and continued until the stage of theoretical saturation. As a result, the nuclear category emerged as social exclusion from the labor market. Findings based on the paradigm model of the research were divided into five axes (causal conditions, intervening conditions and contextual conditions, strategies and consequences). In this article, the causal conditions of exclusion from the labor market are discussed. According to the participants, causal conditions include four main categories: economic capital weakness, human capital weakness, unfavorable economic conditions and unfavorable employment conditions. According to the findings, many urban poor living in the study areas had a history of rural poverty, the most obvious aspect of which is the weakness of economic and human capital. Also, their employment conditions in the city are very much affected by unfavorable economic conditions (such as: economic sanctions, outbreak of coronary heart disease, mechanization of production and provision of services and the presence of foreign nationals) and unfavorable employment conditions to the extent that these conditions have led to the perpetuation of inter generational poverty.
zeinab ghatooli; farah torkaman; Aliyeh shekarbeugi
Abstract
The present study deals with the pathology of the welfare of women's employment status based on the protection laws contained in the Iranian Constitution. Content analysis method was used with the technique of documents and documents. To study written documents and determine categories, content analysis ...
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The present study deals with the pathology of the welfare of women's employment status based on the protection laws contained in the Iranian Constitution. Content analysis method was used with the technique of documents and documents. To study written documents and determine categories, content analysis of categories has been used. The studied documents are the same complaints and petitions of working women that were submitted to the Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare Departments of Tehran during the years 1390 to 1396. Out of 63,502 cases related to women's complaints, 380 petitions have been reviewed and there are significant statistics of discrepancies in the laws and quality and implementation of women's employment. Out of 332 complaints, only 49.69% have returned to work and Of the 106 women on maternity leave, only 35.84% were able to return to work. The existence of these cases indicates the inadequacy of the quality of laws and executive guarantees for the rights of working women. Some are returned to them, but there are still obstacles and obstacles in terms of the quality and implementation of protectionist laws, as well as the type of rulings and rulings issued by oversight bodies.
Amir Shafiee; z abdi daneshpour
Abstract
Residential policy-making is one of the critical subject areas of urban policy-making. Due to the strong social aspect of housing and its tremendous effects on macro- and micro-economy, the provision of housing is within the obligations of the public sector. The public policy-making that ignores housing ...
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Residential policy-making is one of the critical subject areas of urban policy-making. Due to the strong social aspect of housing and its tremendous effects on macro- and micro-economy, the provision of housing is within the obligations of the public sector. The public policy-making that ignores housing as a social right, culminates in urban spatial inequality. The housing problem in Tehran, which is both a part of an inclusive national problem and an urban problem of this metropolis, has given rise to spatial inequality. Understanding the impact of urban policies and tracking the causes of the emergence of residential inequality enables policy-making to address and tackle this planning problem. This paper focuses on the process and the content of the influential sectoral and integrated spatial residential policies implemented in Tehran to explore the effects of various policies on spatial inequality.To achieve this purpose, a dual descriptive-analytical path, based on the deductive research strategy, is designed. Utilizing a combined comparative and longitudinal analysis of the housing condition and thematic content analysis of policies in temporal-politically defined periods, and based on the criteria defined in the first section of this article, we explored the spatial inequality in Tehran.Our findings indicate a great distance concerning the agendas of these policies and a manner of policy-making that could effectively encounter inequality as a complex -- though avoidable -- urban problem of Tehran. This paper suggests an approach and framework for residential policy-making that is able enough to deal with the problem of spatial inequality in Tehran in general and especially in its housing structure.
hananehsadat sadeghi; hasan saraie
Abstract
This research is done in order to study the factors that affect the trend among women to have babies in District 1 and District 19 of Tehran and compare them. A decrease in fertility rate in this city is one of the demographical characteristics of the city. So a study on Tehran is of great importance. ...
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This research is done in order to study the factors that affect the trend among women to have babies in District 1 and District 19 of Tehran and compare them. A decrease in fertility rate in this city is one of the demographical characteristics of the city. So a study on Tehran is of great importance. The Statistical population of this research includes all mothers who go to optometry and audiometry centers for children starting school education. The goal of this research is to study the effect of variables of social support and women’s employment on further pregnancy. Based on the results of Samers' d and Kendall’s tests on variables of social support and inclination to have more children, another significant relationship is identified that shows the strength of kinship network in Iran. But no significant relationship is revealed between the variable of women's employment and socio-economic status of family on the one hand, and inclination to have more children, on the other hand.