m p
Abstract
The last quarter of the 20th century coincided with cultural turn, post-modernism and post- structuralism, both in social reality and in social analysis. This "turn" not only reveals increasing importance of culture in human life and in the humanities and social sciences, but a better and deeper understanding ...
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The last quarter of the 20th century coincided with cultural turn, post-modernism and post- structuralism, both in social reality and in social analysis. This "turn" not only reveals increasing importance of culture in human life and in the humanities and social sciences, but a better and deeper understanding of the role and power of culture in various arenas of human life and social theorizing, what had been overwhelmed for a long time by the economic factor. In this paper we have attempted in, first, discussing the importance of the development of culture and cultural development, and its various aspects and dimensions. Second, utilizing the recent studies about the role of culture in economic, social and political development, we explored the fact that continuous and enduring development of different aspects of societies without development of their indigenous culture neither is possible, nor it may lead to self- realization and accomplishment of human beings. We concluded that in Iran, for the development of various aspects of the society, it is necessary that such development be based on indigenous Iranian-Islamic culture. In other words, the developmental efforts in Iran must be culturally based in order to succeed.
gholamreza ghaffari
Abstract
The stage of development of a society shows the society's historical period and overall social, cultural, economic and political conditions at various levels of macro (system), meso (institutions and organizations) and micro (actors) scales. Despite strengths and capabilities of development, it brings ...
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The stage of development of a society shows the society's historical period and overall social, cultural, economic and political conditions at various levels of macro (system), meso (institutions and organizations) and micro (actors) scales. Despite strengths and capabilities of development, it brings about problems and difficulties that may cause disorder and instability. Such disorder and insatiability are observed more in countries that their development process is affected by foreign models and theoretical paradigms. More notably, these disorders appear in social sphere, due to negligence of social development. This article discusses insatiability and difficulties that occur in social sphere in the light of the new development discourses, such as post colonialism, post development and alternative developments, as well as practical experiences and implications of policies and development programs. The essential assumption of this article is that the social consideration and consequently social development issues are usually overlooked, so that social development issues- from a theoretical point of view- are simply reduced to social welfare. Also in policymaking it is limited to providing welfare and utilities for satisfying basic needs.
t a
Abstract
Development, underdevelopment and backwardness are used together or in place of each other among many development experts in Iran. This conceptual and semantic overlap causes major misunderstanding about current development trends in Iran. In this article we try to introduce the background of the idea ...
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Development, underdevelopment and backwardness are used together or in place of each other among many development experts in Iran. This conceptual and semantic overlap causes major misunderstanding about current development trends in Iran. In this article we try to introduce the background of the idea that instead of understanding development as a process and operation, backwardness and underdevelopment has been emphasized and we also refer to its aspects as the paradigm of backwardness.Regarding this we take the question of "What shouldn’t we do?" instead of emphasizing "What should we do?" Because the second question leads us towards a new idealism that comes with increased expectations and desires rather than understanding the realities and empowering to take better advantage of the conditions. In this sense, conceptually and theoretically, the native development and development experience will be focused and people's participation and people-oriented development will be emphasized rather than centralized government programs.
m a
Abstract
The world development process is the outcome of accumulated mankind experiences. All nations, including Iran, have participated in the present human civilization. In Iran we confronted with the western development epistemology by means of Islamic ontology, but we emphasized on understanding the conceptual ...
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The world development process is the outcome of accumulated mankind experiences. All nations, including Iran, have participated in the present human civilization. In Iran we confronted with the western development epistemology by means of Islamic ontology, but we emphasized on understanding the conceptual principals rather than procedures and processes. The point is that development studies require accentuation of historical and experiential trends. In other words, historical and sociological processes of development should be taken into account with interpretative and identity-based approaches. While instead of such considerations, individual artificial indexes such as factors and agents were detected. In addition, development has been conceived as problem rather than the solution. Hence the proposition of incompatibility of indigenous and western developments has been exaggerated. In this article, we discuss about the main mechanisms and aspects of social development and changes, and consider questions about development from the Islamic and Iranian viewpoint. Finally, an indigenous development as a new approach to development will be introduced.
a d
Abstract
Political development is the processes in which capacities of political institutions and actors increase in order to organize and manage public affairs. In recent centuries, political development has revolved around three processes: The concentration of political power; the legalization of the state, ...
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Political development is the processes in which capacities of political institutions and actors increase in order to organize and manage public affairs. In recent centuries, political development has revolved around three processes: The concentration of political power; the legalization of the state, and the democratization of the government. These processes at first, became apparent in Western Europe. We can distinguish two main Patterns of political development in these countries. The First pattern, that can be called "Social-based" became apparent in the northwestern Europe and British. In these countries, before and in parallel with the development of the government, the civil society was also developed. In these countries, political participation was gradually extended and deepened; therefore, political conflicts were appeared in institutional competitions and adjusted. The second pattern, that can be called "State-based", became apparent in the central and eastern Europe. In these countries, emphasizes has been placed upon strengthening of the power of the government, and the weak civil society did not play an effective role in politics. Therefore, in these countries political stability was under the pressure of obvious or hidden conflicts. In addition to these main patterns, there will also be a compound pattern that we call “revolutionary” which became apparent in French. In this country, the power of the state and society was relatively balanced, but these relations were not well established, such that they replaced each other alternately. This study shows that: 1) the first pattern suffers less contradiction and crisis 2) Many European countries that began in the form of second or third patterns, gradually shifted to the first 3- regardless of structural factors and international events, political elite played a decisive role in the evolution and transformation of political development processes to make timely decision for the political reform.
n f
Abstract
In this article a theoretical explanation is presented based on the perceiving city in the general process of globalization. It provided a new perception of culture and its priority against the technological economic approach towards development. Then Islamic Iranian city in different eras of Iranian ...
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In this article a theoretical explanation is presented based on the perceiving city in the general process of globalization. It provided a new perception of culture and its priority against the technological economic approach towards development. Then Islamic Iranian city in different eras of Iranian history; the arrival of modernity (The Persian Constitutional Revolution), the formation of modernity based on the western model (Pahlavi), and the redefinition of modernity are studied. Moreover, entering the global system (post-revolutionary era) is reviewed and the explanatory approaches are criticized. Regarding the most prominent features of Iran's society and respecting diversity rather than homogenizing, this article attempts to provide an eligible and functional model for the city.
a u
Abstract
Human development theories that are based on secularism and humanism are claimed to be developed for social and economic changes. However, they have not been theoretically and provided and developed in the capitalism frameworks of secular capitalist economic systems. The trends can never give human the ...
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Human development theories that are based on secularism and humanism are claimed to be developed for social and economic changes. However, they have not been theoretically and provided and developed in the capitalism frameworks of secular capitalist economic systems. The trends can never give human the main role. In the ontology of the Islamic economic system not only capital and the capital owner have a main role in realizing the advanced Islamic society, but also human, is thought to be the main factor in preparing the ground for economic development of the Islamic society. Developing and exploiting democratic economy models changes people to the people in Islamic perspective who make economically developed society in Islamic perspective possible. Democratic economy models have different capabilities in creating economically developed society, therefore models with more capabilities have priority.
