rasoul rabbani; seyed ali hashemian far; salakeh shirazi
Abstract
Modern world is evaluated by the researchers and experts as the world of changing; meaning old experiences and methods are no more capable of answering organizations' problems and issues of the present and future, therefore, new organizational modern-structured strategies are required; organizational ...
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Modern world is evaluated by the researchers and experts as the world of changing; meaning old experiences and methods are no more capable of answering organizations' problems and issues of the present and future, therefore, new organizational modern-structured strategies are required; organizational entrepreneurship strategyis one of them.This paper aims to study organizational entrepreneurship in the organizations in Iran, and to evaluate entrepreneurship grade of the managers graduated in humanistic within Arak's industrial organizations. Survey method was applied as the research methodology, and questionnaires as the tools for collecting information.In analyzing the data, Kendal statistical tests revealed a statistically significant relationship between education and organizational entrepreneurship, and Pearson statistical test showed a statistically significant relationship between innovation, organizational structure and social capital, and the dependent variable of organizational entrepreneurship. Regarding the fact that these correlations are nonlinear, apositive strong relationship between the three independent variablesmentioned,and organizational entrepreneurshipis found.Results revealed that most of managers in organizationsstudied are at alow level regarding organizational entrepreneurship; only 18.60% showed a strong tendency, 19.20% showed an average tendency, and 62.20% showed a weak tendency towards organizational entrepreneurship. This may be because of the mechanical structure ruling most of organizations studied, preventing innovation, creativity, risk taking, and therefore organizational entrepreneurship. Hence, in order to create and facilitate organizational entrepreneurship, a flexible structureis needed, alongside with organizational trust,and an increased social capital,in order to set organizational entrepreneurshipas a culture. Furthermore, managers of organizations should be committed to organizational entrepreneurship. and apply it as an appropriate strategy and support the organizational entrepreneurs, in order forthe survival and growth of their organization in today's competitive markets.
ezatollah sam aram; ebrahim jafari
Abstract
Nowadays, decades after World War II, and passing the stages of reconstruction and dependency, the age of participation is started. In the meantime, the mono-directional top-to-down communication has changed into a bidirectional correlative one, so that the old-fashioned traditional model in which a ...
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Nowadays, decades after World War II, and passing the stages of reconstruction and dependency, the age of participation is started. In the meantime, the mono-directional top-to-down communication has changed into a bidirectional correlative one, so that the old-fashioned traditional model in which a limited population produced and messages and news should be changed into a model in which a vast population produces messages for a vast population. This condition, known as participatory communication, is due to the pervasive expansion of modern communication technologies in the rural areas. On the other hand, nowadays mass media, including radio, television, and magazines, applies an audience-oriented participatory strategy. This paper, using the perception of activists in rural participatory communications, including 412 managers and experts, 138 facilitators in agriculture propagations and rural centers of Women Issues all over the country, and 104 of beneficiaries of participatory plans of the province of Khoozestan, aims to verify the fact that traditional and modern media are appropriately capable of creating participatory communication within rural societies in Iran. Hence, by changing communication policies and propagation strategies, in order to include the audience and his/her active participation, the progress of moving toward the constant development of agriculture can be accelerated, and development communication can be achieved. In fact, development communication will be achieved by participatory communication in the rural society of Iran.
asghar asgari khanghaah; mansur yousefi jolandan
Abstract
Worshiping and sacredness has been a part of the culture of different tribessince ancient times, and praying has an important position in different religions. This holds true with Islamtoo,and visiting cemeteries, asking for the intercession of, having recourse to Holy Figures and Imams, are considered ...
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Worshiping and sacredness has been a part of the culture of different tribessince ancient times, and praying has an important position in different religions. This holds true with Islamtoo,and visiting cemeteries, asking for the intercession of, having recourse to Holy Figures and Imams, are considered to be religious rituals. Taking the subcultures of different tribes and religions into consideration, various forms of religious rituals and ceremonies can be observed all over the world. Holy tombs and shrines are annually visited by many pilgrims, having a noticeableimpact on thelivesof Muslims, resulting in political, social, and especially economic developments. The burial place of a religious - historical figure has always resulted in municipal development andcreating financial resources for the dwellersby attracting visitors and pilgrims. This is an instance of cultural indices of the development of cities and villages. This paper aims to study different functions of holy tombs and shrines, alongside with the impact of subcultures on economic development of an area.
jafar hezar jaribi
Abstract
Cooperatives constitute one of the three economic sections of Iran,explicitly mentioned as fundamental in constitutional law. Today, owing to the special attention paid by the authorities to the principle. 44, constitutional law, Cooperatives can be dedicated with a particular position. This article ...
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Cooperatives constitute one of the three economic sections of Iran,explicitly mentioned as fundamental in constitutional law. Today, owing to the special attention paid by the authorities to the principle. 44, constitutional law, Cooperatives can be dedicated with a particular position. This article aims toinvestigate and identify the factors affecting the success of cooperatives, and, in order to do that, field and documentary methods were applied. The statistical population of the field study includes the cooperatives of Qom province. The research sample includes 45 cooperatives with 385 members and 100 managers and heads. Findings show that, in general, though the cooperatives of the Province of Qom, like other parts of the country, have developed in quantity, they have not developed in quality - holding educational courses, participation, and employing qualified and specialized managers- alongside with quantitative development. However, the majority of the members stated that, making some adjustments, they approved of the cooperatives. Theoretical framework of the research identified the three factors of Inter- organizational, intra-organizational, and structural factors as affecting the success of cooperative companies, from among which, this study focuses on identifying inter- organizational factors. Results obtained from multivariable regression identifies the" capability and professionalism of the managers" as the first inter-organizational factor affecting the success of the cooperatives (1=0.31), "the participation of the members in running cooperatives" as the second factor (1=0.24), "believing in the corporation among the members" as the third factor (1=0.23), and then "member's satisfaction with the function of the management board and the cooperative" (1=0.10), and ultimately, the most important (1=0.09).
jafar bagheri nejhad
Abstract
Today, in addition to educational and research tasks, universitieshave been increasingly involved in the process of innovation and technology development. This requireschanges in educational, managerial, and researchstructures, systems, and mechanisms. One of the factors facilitating this process is ...
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Today, in addition to educational and research tasks, universitieshave been increasingly involved in the process of innovation and technology development. This requireschanges in educational, managerial, and researchstructures, systems, and mechanisms. One of the factors facilitating this process is the implementation of strategic programming in universities. The successful and inclusive process ofstrategic planning provides a framework for achieving the competitive advantage, by preparing an effective combination of features such asfuture prediction, thorough analysis of predicted trends andgiving scenarios of possible alternative futures, internal and external analysis of universities,and creating an adaptive structure and systems. Strategic programming enables universities to respond to emerging movements, events, challenges and opportunities within the framework of their programs and function, and if implemented successfully, it influences all functional areas in universities, becoming a part of universities' philosophy and culture. Alongside with focusing on the needs of education and research environments, this paper studies strategic programmingthrough a comparative study and analysis,trying to clarify related issues and provide a framework for strategic programming in universities. Creating a strategic environment and insight in universities, applying strategic programs, emphasizing on strategic programs particular to education, research and human resources, and changing structures and systems are the related findings reflected in this paper.
saeed vesali
Abstract
Understanding social phenomena is required for making progress in sociology. This way, causal explanationcan be applied to identify cause or causes for a social phenomenon."Understanding" method in the process of establishing objectivity, tries to investigate causal motives in order to recognizereal ...
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Understanding social phenomena is required for making progress in sociology. This way, causal explanationcan be applied to identify cause or causes for a social phenomenon."Understanding" method in the process of establishing objectivity, tries to investigate causal motives in order to recognizereal causes of Human's actions, and come to a “causal interpretation”. There have to be some presupposition by which some viewpoints are emphasized and necessarily scrutinized until their position in the research processis clarified. Byunderstanding the”meaning” of actions, social sciences and sociology would be able to come to rules, and therefore, their differentiated from natural sciences.
ali asghar kia
Abstract
Today, Media define the level, the method, and the sequence of receiving the information on the events happening all over the world. Naturally, each media targets at particular audiences and sophisticated media regard the members of high political, economic, and cultural level as their audiences. This ...
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Today, Media define the level, the method, and the sequence of receiving the information on the events happening all over the world. Naturally, each media targets at particular audiences and sophisticated media regard the members of high political, economic, and cultural level as their audiences. This provides the media with a special power, adding to the importance of studies conducted in this field. This paper studies, compares and analyses the coverage of the trip to New Yorrk taken by President Ahmadinejad in August, 2008, in the newspapers of "Etemad", "New York Times", and "Washington Post". All the articles written on the subject in these three newspapers, three days before to three days after the president's trip were collected, analyzed and compared using content analysis, and images depicted in these newspapers were studied. Findings of the research showed significant differences between the images given in these newspapers. While New York Times and Washington Post introduce Ahmadinejad as a counter-Jewish, authoritarian, violating Human Rights, supporting terrorism, and militant (looking for nuclear weapons), "Iran" depicted him as a noble, brave, clever and reasonable hero, and in general, as a qualified successful representative of Iran. "Etemad" also has given a relatively positive picture of him. However, findings show that the performances of Iran and Washington Post are better directed than that of Etemad and New York Times. On the other hand, findings of this research are in agreement with the findings of previous researches, indicating that in international news coverage, newspapers follow and reflect foreign policies of the country in which they are published. However, this study showed that the newspapers of "Etemad" and "New York Times" acted more independently, comparing to "Iran" and "Washington Post". In addition, total differences are observed in the performance of the criticizing newspapers of Iran and the United States of America, which are discussed at the final section of this article.
mohammad sadegh oliai; behzad mohammadi nejhad
Abstract
A concentrated, top-to-bottom view on rural programming and the lack of sufficient attention paid to rural development in previous decades has resulted in a hierarchical gap between rural and urban relationships, and consequently, the lack of development in the country's villages, making them several ...
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A concentrated, top-to-bottom view on rural programming and the lack of sufficient attention paid to rural development in previous decades has resulted in a hierarchical gap between rural and urban relationships, and consequently, the lack of development in the country's villages, making them several problems, namely a decrease in the participation of rural people in defining their own way to the future, lack of self-confidence among them, the lack of an appropriate management system, unemployment, Immigration, etc. On the other hand, the root of the problems mentioned can be found in economic problems. Hence, this article aimed to answer this question: Is there a significant relationship between the lack of development in rural areas and economic capital? In order for finding an answer to this question, an also testing it as the hypothesis of the research, first, from among the statistical population, 302 families from six villages of the rural district of "Karafuto", in "Divan-Darreh" were selected. Then the data were collected using documentary method and survey. In addition, local reporters were interviewed too. Afterwards, using descriptive statistics, findings were analyzed.
