mohsen mohammadi; mohammad mehtari arani; samane naghipoor iyoki; seyyed saied hoseynizadeh arani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to use a meta-analysis method to explain the relationship between justice and citizenship behavior in Iranian organizational systems. Accordingly, 59 research papers (in the form of scientific articles) conducted between 1385-1397 with the aim of explaining the relationship ...
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The purpose of this study is to use a meta-analysis method to explain the relationship between justice and citizenship behavior in Iranian organizational systems. Accordingly, 59 research papers (in the form of scientific articles) conducted between 1385-1397 with the aim of explaining the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior and published in prestigious national journals, were chosen as sample size. Selected research have been conducted mainly through survey, in different statistical societies, with different sample size (40-400) and using reliable and valid instruments. Meta-analysis software (CMA2) was used to analyze the data. Examination of the meta-analysis assumptions revealed heterogeneity of effect sizes and lack of publication error among the research documents. The findings showed that the magnitude of the effect of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior was equal to 0/44, which according to Cohen's interpretive system, is a powerful influence. Also, research time index, geographical location, type of organization, gender and ethnicity of the subjects had moderating effect on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Thus, the perception of organizational justice has more impact on citizenship behavior over time, and perceptions of organizational justice in the eastern and southeastern regions of the country, in sports organizations, among women and Persians, have a higher impact on the employee citizenship behaviors than there were other situations.
sadegheh salehe; aliasghar ferozjaian; fatemeh gholamrezazadeh
Abstract
Today, addressing environmental issues as well as planning for environmental protection for creating a suitable environment for human life, has become one of the main concerns of governments around the world. This resulted in confronting and problem solving environmental policy issues to site on the ...
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Today, addressing environmental issues as well as planning for environmental protection for creating a suitable environment for human life, has become one of the main concerns of governments around the world. This resulted in confronting and problem solving environmental policy issues to site on the agenda of governments. The Islamic Republic of Iran has considered the environmental issues in the form of Five-Year Programs for Economic, Social and Cultural Development plans. The main questions of this study are as follows: A. what is the place of environment in strategic national development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran? B. What kind of environmental discourse has dominated on the five-year development programs? This study has utilized documentary method. The results of the study show that the first and third Development Program were affected by discourse of environmentalism and in the fourth and fifth ones, development discourse of ecosystem were dominant. The result also indicates that environmental justice was not considered in the Five-Year Economic Development Plans. The paper ended up with the suggestion that regarding ecosystem discourse as well as environmental justice, there is a critical need for setting up National Environmental Policy.
Milad Bagi; Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi
Abstract
Elderly living arrangements in developing countries are important because governments cannot support them due to the lack of advanced health care systems. This study aimed to investigate the changes in living arrangements of people 60 years old and over during the last four decades (1984-2019) in Iran. ...
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Elderly living arrangements in developing countries are important because governments cannot support them due to the lack of advanced health care systems. This study aimed to investigate the changes in living arrangements of people 60 years old and over during the last four decades (1984-2019) in Iran. The Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data conducted by the Statistics Center of Iran were analyzed. Findings indicated that elderly headship rate has increased over time. Although this growth observed for both sexes, it was double as high for women as for men. Most households headed by old men are nuclear households while women often take care of solo and single-parent households. More elderly people live alone nowadays and their household size has decreased during the time. Howbeit the number of households with an elderly head with an adult child has increased, but this co-residence does not have benefits for elderly parents. Indeed, changes in elderly living arrangements in Iran over the past three decades have led to more increasing pressure on the old ages and they have to accept more responsibilities such as household head and managing its needs.
Mahsa Tizchang; masorehazam azadeh
Abstract
Since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, five development programs have been implemented and from the third one, the focus has been on regional development which has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. The present study, which is a qualitative meta-analysis, tries to examine the ...
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Since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, five development programs have been implemented and from the third one, the focus has been on regional development which has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. The present study, which is a qualitative meta-analysis, tries to examine the studies on the inequality of development programs in the regions of the country and at the same time to give a process description of the results obtained from them. An examination of 19 papers conducted between 2006 and 2015 shows that there is a significant repetition in the methods, foundations and results, and the overlap of the indicators, despite the differences in the method, has led to the closeness of the results. We are also considering significant gaps in the development levels of the provinces. It is noteworthy that the results show minimal displacements among a limited number of provinces in the last three decades and gradually show a stabilized pattern that, while indicating the stagnation of inequality, confirms the central-peripheral pattern of development indicators in the provinces.
morteza salemi Ghamsari; Sohrab Yazdani; Morteza Farhadi; farshad momeni
Abstract
From the perspective of historical sociology, this article discusses Truman’s Principle Four, which was introduced as one of America's most famous programs to curb communism in Europe. According to Principle Four, US aid came in two forms: "first, to stabilize the economy to prevent the growth ...
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From the perspective of historical sociology, this article discusses Truman’s Principle Four, which was introduced as one of America's most famous programs to curb communism in Europe. According to Principle Four, US aid came in two forms: "first, to stabilize the economy to prevent the growth of communism, and second, to help the American economy by enabling Europeans to buy American goods; which soon spread to other countries exposed to the Iron Curtain. The purpose of compiling this article is to study the historical conditions of principle four and its effects in Iran based on development theories. Development theories can be divided into three groups: dependency, globalization, and modernization. Modernization theorists, meanwhile, argued that in order to create sustainable and spontaneous economic growth in the Third World, Third World countries would have to experience the transition from traditional to modern society that developed countries had already experienced. He saw the fundamental obstacles to modernization in the traditional cultural institutions and values of Third World countries, which are at odds with the growth and development of the economy and industrialization. The short-term goal of Principle Four was to prevent the penetration of communism in Europe and countries sensitive to the United States, which it was able to achieve, but with special long-term railroads, it was also able to achieve the goals that the US.
Volume 1, Issue 5 , January 2011, , Pages 61-90
Abstract
This article aims to study thecaste-class system in Indian Rig- Veda and Avesta, which were the social structure of the ancient Iran as well as India. Since the hymns of the Rig – Veda and Avesta remark three distinct classes, it is hard to imagine the early Aryans with no social classes when they ...
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This article aims to study thecaste-class system in Indian Rig- Veda and Avesta, which were the social structure of the ancient Iran as well as India. Since the hymns of the Rig – Veda and Avesta remark three distinct classes, it is hard to imagine the early Aryans with no social classes when they migrated to Iran and India. The Rig - Veda calls these classes "Brahman" (priest), "Rajanya" (nobility), and "Vaisya" (Commoner or Farmer - Craftsman). Avesta labels them "Athravan (priest)", "Rathaestar (Army)", and "Vastrya (Commoner or Farmer - Craftsman). The Classification of Aryans reveals that the classes from Rig-Veda are very close to the Avestan's social classes. This reveals that these two systems have a common origin. Hence it makes evident that the Aryans gradually migrated to India from Iran.
