DARYOSH REZAPOUR; rahman bagheri
Abstract
The financial empowerment of rural women and their participation in economic, social, cultural and political fields is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable rural development. One of the most common empowerment projects in the form of microcredit system in Iran is Qarz Al-hasaneh ...
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The financial empowerment of rural women and their participation in economic, social, cultural and political fields is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable rural development. One of the most common empowerment projects in the form of microcredit system in Iran is Qarz Al-hasaneh funds. In recent years a new species from Iran have been formed in rural areas based on informal networks and links that are different from conventional models. This paper is to find out the efficiency of funds based on family-neighborhood relations in increasing the empowerment of women in Tang Siab district of Kuhdasht city; so a qualitative approach, snowball sampling, semi-structured and deep interviews, Participatory observation and focused group discussion with 23 people and observation were used for data collection and a total of 48 concepts and 9 categories were obtained. Results showed that formation and membership in the Fund can Lead to increase income and household savings and the share of women in the family, enhance decision-making power of women in the family and in the village, improve public opinion towards women, teamwork maintenance and continuing and to expand its lead in other issues. Therefore, the mentioned funds, by improving the economic and social situation of women, facilitate the achievement of levels of capability.
a r; n m; n a
Abstract
The present study examines the relationship between work and family role expectations and the conflicts between work and family domains. It studies the relationship between these conflicts, as dependent variables, and the independent variables of work control, family involvement, social support for work ...
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The present study examines the relationship between work and family role expectations and the conflicts between work and family domains. It studies the relationship between these conflicts, as dependent variables, and the independent variables of work control, family involvement, social support for work and its dimensions and the social support of family. The study assumes that high expectations of work role and control in the workplace are associated with work-family conflict and also with family role expectations and family members’ low involvement in family-work conflict. It is also thought that social support for work, by reducing control of work, and family support by increasing family involvement, decrease work-family conflicts among women. The population of this study includes all married women employed in the organizations of education and police force of Kermanshah, including 115 (56 policewomen and 59 female teachers). The results showed that high expectations of work role, work-family conflict and family expectations create family-work conflict, and these conflicts are more common in female police officers than female teachers. Control of work was associated with work and family conflict, while there was no relationship between work-family conflict and family involvement. Also, there was a significant relationship between social support for work and control of work, on the one hand, and between family social support and family conflict, on the other hand.
Yaser Bagheri
Abstract
There has been lots of heated debates going on in Iran about the subsidy reduction policy after the revolution 1979. This policy, however, has remained in the center of attention, even though lots of socio-economical events has happened since then and most of the political actors have changed. The goal ...
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There has been lots of heated debates going on in Iran about the subsidy reduction policy after the revolution 1979. This policy, however, has remained in the center of attention, even though lots of socio-economical events has happened since then and most of the political actors have changed. The goal of this research is to study the changes of the paradigm in the past four decades and also the approaches taken by parliament and state back in the time. The policy paradigm developed by Hall (1993) is the main theory of this research. The current method is quantitative and concentrated on Islamic parliament negotiations in 10 terms. The results show that the paradigm is dominant, having four elements. Some policy ideas have been developed under the influence of this paradigm. Among lots of criticism that this paradigm has received, only the one seeking to develop a Comprehensive System of Social Security and Welfare was successful. This idea, however, failed to get institutionalized. The results suggest that in order to change the policy, more authority is needed than the Plan and Budget Organization’s, which is in charge of governing the dominant paradigm.
g l; e g; sediqeh sargazi
Abstract
The Impact of Religious Places on the Feeling of Safety Among Women Case Study: Imamzade Yahya in Sari Golamreza Latifi[1] , Iman Ghalandarian[2] , Sediqeh Sargazi[3] Received: 10/12/2016 Accepted: 6/1/2018 ...
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The Impact of Religious Places on the Feeling of Safety Among Women Case Study: Imamzade Yahya in Sari Golamreza Latifi[1] , Iman Ghalandarian[2] , Sediqeh Sargazi[3] Received: 10/12/2016 Accepted: 6/1/2018 Abstract Security and safety are considered as one of the principles of designing urban spaces for planners and urban planners. The lack of security in the open spaces of the cities reduces the vitality and availability of space. In this regard, women are more vulnerable than men, in other words, feel less secure in more places and have a diminutive presence. In this research, Imamzadeh Yahya Square in the city of Sari has been considered as a public space and the construction of Emamzadeh as one of the religious places has been measured in terms of security feeling. The research method is a quantitative. The research data was collected through a survey with a sample size of 96 people, field studies, interviews and questionnaire. In order to determine the level of women's sense of security in this urban environment, the religious place was seen as an independent variable and the sense of security with reagents such as readability, vitality, etc has been investigated as a dependent variable. The findings indicate that more than half of the women consider the Emamzadeh's tomb effective in their sense of security. According to research hypotheses, there is a direct relation between the existence of the emamzadeh (religious places) in the city and the sense of security. Keywords: Feeling of Safety, Women, Religious Places, Urban Spaces. [1]. Assistant Professor of Social Planning , Allame Tabataba'i University. (Corresponding Author). rlatifi2002@gmail.com [2]. Ph.D. Student of Tarbiat Modares University. iman_gh2006@yahoo.com [3]. Master of Urban Design at Imam Reza University. s.sargazi209@gmail.com
Ali asghar Kia; Roghayeh Ameri
Abstract
Happiness and joy are among the features that play a fundamental role in social life. Indeed, they have the highest role in improving relations and interactions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the level of social happiness and the related factors among the citizens of Ahvaz. The ...
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Happiness and joy are among the features that play a fundamental role in social life. Indeed, they have the highest role in improving relations and interactions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the level of social happiness and the related factors among the citizens of Ahvaz. The research data was collected through survey method, using the self-evaluation questionnaire from a sample of 384 individuals, who were 15-64 year-old citizens of Ahvaz. The sample was selected using multistage random cluster sampling and Cochran formula. Hypotheses were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariable regression, and path analysis. The results of the research indicated that between socioeconomic status (in both subjective and objective dimensions), sense of social justice, social cohesion, social trust, social satisfaction, sense of social security, adherence to religious beliefs, and citizen satisfaction with urban services with social happiness is positive and significant. However, the relationship between sense of relative deprivation and sense of anomie with social happiness is negative and significant. Moreover, the multivariable regression analysis showed that 0.51 of the dependent variable variance could be predicted by the dependent variables.
abazar ghafarilashkenari; hasanali aghajani; marzieh gorjiposhti; mohammadjavad taghipourian
Abstract
Background: Cultural citizenship theory oversees and relies on multiple social realities that can also be considered "cultural dimensions of citizenship."Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of transcending the scores of cultural citizens in the service area beyond the complex.Method: ...
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Background: Cultural citizenship theory oversees and relies on multiple social realities that can also be considered "cultural dimensions of citizenship."Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of transcending the scores of cultural citizens in the service area beyond the complex.Method: Using cross-compounding technique, the findings of related internal and external studies were systematically investigated by seven-step Sandoloski and Barso methods. Of the 130 articles searched in this area, 46 selected articles, according to which 68 factors were identified and extracted.Findings: In order to analyze the selected articles, constituent concepts, dimensions and influential components, the content analysis method and the Kappa index, maxqda, were used. At the end of the research findings in the form of 12 categories including: cultural / social, responsibility, citizen participation, citizenship identity, interpersonal trust, media development, following the law, tendency to adhere to laws, social and cultural responsibility, economic situation And social, cultural tendencies, acceptance of cultural capital, classification were presented.Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it is stated that taking into account each of the drivers of the cultural citizen and providing the necessary infrastructure for its implementation, a positive step should be taken to improve the services provided.
hassan Amirian; gholamreza latifi
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction and purpose: Security approach through design is one of the most effective and efficient approaches in the field of promoting urban security that can play a significant role in securing urban spaces. For this purpose, the purpose of this article is to present a model for measuring ...
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AbstractIntroduction and purpose: Security approach through design is one of the most effective and efficient approaches in the field of promoting urban security that can play a significant role in securing urban spaces. For this purpose, the purpose of this article is to present a model for measuring urban security and to introduce a security approach through design. Methodology: In the present study, the research method is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey method based on the method and nature.findings: The assessment model is presented from library studies and field methods have been used to collect information according to the nature of the research. The study shows the difference in the level of urban security among the three zones of the study area so that zone 3 is the safest zone in the area, also "territory" with a weight of 0.88 has the most role in establishing the security of the study area And "monitoring" with a weight of 0.08 has the least role in the whole range.Results: The results show that Zone 3 with a security level of 0.550 is the safest zone and has an aggressive strategy. Also, zone 2 with a weight of 0.251 has the lowest level of security and has a defensive strategy among the three zones of the health neighborhood.
Mohammad Zahedi asl; Farhad Bazrafkan
Abstract
Children are one of the target groups of the social policy system in Iran, whose welfare status is still in dispute. Examining the historical trend of child-centered social policies in Iran can play a role in recognizing the problems in this area and, consequently, reducing them. This study examines ...
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Children are one of the target groups of the social policy system in Iran, whose welfare status is still in dispute. Examining the historical trend of child-centered social policies in Iran can play a role in recognizing the problems in this area and, consequently, reducing them. This study examines the legislative and institutional transformations related to children since the formation of the parliament in Iran. The research method is documentary. In this regard, the approved laws and programs and general approaches of all three historical periods to childhood were examined. The results show that although the first Pahlavi era passed laws to protect children, the government tried to respond mainly to the needs of children in the form of charities and endowments. During the second Pahlavi era, efforts in this field gradually took an organized and cohesive form. During the Islamic Republic of Iran, children and childhood received more and more comprehensive attention from the Constitution to other laws. However, tensions between traditional or religious approaches and modern approaches determine the nature of most policies that in many cases has led to children being deprived of much support.
a d
Abstract
Political development is the processes in which capacities of political institutions and actors increase in order to organize and manage public affairs. In recent centuries, political development has revolved around three processes: The concentration of political power; the legalization of the state, ...
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Political development is the processes in which capacities of political institutions and actors increase in order to organize and manage public affairs. In recent centuries, political development has revolved around three processes: The concentration of political power; the legalization of the state, and the democratization of the government. These processes at first, became apparent in Western Europe. We can distinguish two main Patterns of political development in these countries. The First pattern, that can be called "Social-based" became apparent in the northwestern Europe and British. In these countries, before and in parallel with the development of the government, the civil society was also developed. In these countries, political participation was gradually extended and deepened; therefore, political conflicts were appeared in institutional competitions and adjusted. The second pattern, that can be called "State-based", became apparent in the central and eastern Europe. In these countries, emphasizes has been placed upon strengthening of the power of the government, and the weak civil society did not play an effective role in politics. Therefore, in these countries political stability was under the pressure of obvious or hidden conflicts. In addition to these main patterns, there will also be a compound pattern that we call “revolutionary” which became apparent in French. In this country, the power of the state and society was relatively balanced, but these relations were not well established, such that they replaced each other alternately. This study shows that: 1) the first pattern suffers less contradiction and crisis 2) Many European countries that began in the form of second or third patterns, gradually shifted to the first 3- regardless of structural factors and international events, political elite played a decisive role in the evolution and transformation of political development processes to make timely decision for the political reform.
jafar bagheri nejhad
Abstract
Today, in addition to educational and research tasks, universitieshave been increasingly involved in the process of innovation and technology development. This requireschanges in educational, managerial, and researchstructures, systems, and mechanisms. One of the factors facilitating this process is ...
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Today, in addition to educational and research tasks, universitieshave been increasingly involved in the process of innovation and technology development. This requireschanges in educational, managerial, and researchstructures, systems, and mechanisms. One of the factors facilitating this process is the implementation of strategic programming in universities. The successful and inclusive process ofstrategic planning provides a framework for achieving the competitive advantage, by preparing an effective combination of features such asfuture prediction, thorough analysis of predicted trends andgiving scenarios of possible alternative futures, internal and external analysis of universities,and creating an adaptive structure and systems. Strategic programming enables universities to respond to emerging movements, events, challenges and opportunities within the framework of their programs and function, and if implemented successfully, it influences all functional areas in universities, becoming a part of universities' philosophy and culture. Alongside with focusing on the needs of education and research environments, this paper studies strategic programmingthrough a comparative study and analysis,trying to clarify related issues and provide a framework for strategic programming in universities. Creating a strategic environment and insight in universities, applying strategic programs, emphasizing on strategic programs particular to education, research and human resources, and changing structures and systems are the related findings reflected in this paper.
Volume 1, Issue 5 , January 2011, , Pages 91-116
Abstract
To achieve development, the most complicated unsolved problem of the rural areas, especially in the third world countries, planning is an undeniable necessity. Moreover, to succeed in planning, the first step is to study and to recognize the level of development, capacities, limitations and regional ...
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To achieve development, the most complicated unsolved problem of the rural areas, especially in the third world countries, planning is an undeniable necessity. Moreover, to succeed in planning, the first step is to study and to recognize the level of development, capacities, limitations and regional imbalances.
Although attempts have been made so far to determine the level of development in Iran, which is itself an important point, but what the present study seeks to do is to concentrate on the matter of development in the whole country from rural programming standpoint regarding the most recent formal statistics of the country. As a documentary-analytic study, with regard to the available data and the level of the researchers' expertise, it has employed a combination of numerical taxonomy and cluster analysis methods applied to the rural areas of 30 provinces by the usage of 24 indexes of development.
Findings in numerical taxonomy indicated that, in the first phase, Tehran and Sistan-Baluchestan, in the second phase, Qazvin provinces suffer from heterogeneity respectively. The ultimate results of the research are indicative of some kind of developmental gap in the rural areas of the provinces to the point that except for Tehran that was omitted in the first step, over 7.4% are averagely developed, 51.85% deprived and 40.75% are highly deprived. To control the results and to increase the co-efficiency and certainty of the findings, the rural areas were evaluated through cluster method too. In this classification, the provinces were classified into five homogeneous groups sharing common characteristics. The comparison of the two models conveys a relative similarity between the findings or in other words identification of the attained levels among the provinces.
nader salar zaddeh amiri; bakhtiar mohammadi
Abstract
In the present article, we studied the effects of socio-economic factors on homeless people of Tehran with the goal of identifying such factors and their effects on homeless people. The main research question is what the effective factors on homeless people are and whether these factors have the same ...
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In the present article, we studied the effects of socio-economic factors on homeless people of Tehran with the goal of identifying such factors and their effects on homeless people. The main research question is what the effective factors on homeless people are and whether these factors have the same effect on non-homeless society. The theoretical framework of this research includes the theories by Gotilip, Bavman, Griski, Kogel and Kuhen. Among the previously mentioned theories, some variables were extracted i.e. social support, emotional support, social trust, employment status and income. The statistical society of this research is homeless people of Tehran that are kept and supported in centers that are dependent on municipality. The society of non-homeless people (witness society) consists of non-homeless people who live in district 12 of Tehran municipality that have high homogeneity with homeless people. The selected sample of this research consists of 230 persons that include 115 homeless people and 115 non-homeless people. The size of the sample was gained via Kokran formula. In order to gather data we used survey research method and questionnaire. Sampling was performed via multi-stage cluster method and inside clusters, we performed the selection via random sampling. The data was analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics, t-test and regression. The results show that there is a significant difference between homeless people society and non-homeless people society from the viewpoint of emotional support, social support, social trust, employment status and income. According to the regression analysis, it was indicated that the variable of emotional support with beta coefficient of 0.470, the variable of social support with the beta of 0.371, and the variable of trust with the beta of 0.123 had highest effects respectively.
m sh; h z
Abstract
Urban Citizenship: Citizens' Rights and Duties in Tehran
Malihe shiani[1], hanan zare[1] P.H.D in sociology, Social Planning Department, Social Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Email: mshiani@ut.ac.ir
[1] M.A of Social Welfare Planning, Social Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, ...
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Urban Citizenship: Citizens' Rights and Duties in Tehran
Malihe shiani[1], hanan zare[1] P.H.D in sociology, Social Planning Department, Social Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Email: mshiani@ut.ac.ir
[1] M.A of Social Welfare Planning, Social Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Email: hannan_zare@ut.ac.ir
Receive:4/4/2017
Accept:3/5/2018
Abstract
No doubt citizenship is a key indicator for modern societies, and more importantly, citizenship has a wide range of civil, political and social rights and duties that can emerge in the city. Citizenship formulation in Iran can be seen at two levels: "Citizen National " and " Urban Citizen". In fact, the urban citizen's bias towards the desirability of enjoying various urban services, equality in public opportunities, and the utilization of urban amenities and prosperity, accompanied by a set of responsibilities, people's propensity to engage in commitments and engage in city affairs."Urban Citizen" is based on two main dimensions of "Citizenship Rights" and "Citizenship Duties", which is considered in this study among the citizens of Tehran. The method of this survey was questionnaire technique. For this purpose, 2400 people aged 15 years and over in different parts of Tehran were selected using multi-stage sampling method. The results show that 35% of the population in Tehran have a low level of citizenship, and in contrast to 19% it has been high. Also, women in Tehran are more likely than citizens to observe citizenship, single, less than married, individuals Without a spouse, as well as people aged 15 to 24, compared with other age groups, they are less likely to observe citizenship duties. As many years have lived in Tehran, they feel more committed and more committed to citizenship. Therefore, it is understandable that in the urban area, the rights and duties of assignments can not be distributed equally among social groups, and this should be taken into account in urban policy and planning..
Key Words: Urban citizenship, rights, duties, citizen, Tehran
[1] P.H.D in sociology, Social Planning Department, Social Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Email: mshiani@ut.ac.ir
Volume 3, Issue 12 , October 2012, , Pages 105-146
Abstract
An analysis of 88 researches in the field of manners and life skills was done. Seventy-two of the researches were conducted by MA students, thirteen of them were research projects, and three of them were doctoral dissertations. All of the researches were conducted at the research and education centers ...
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An analysis of 88 researches in the field of manners and life skills was done. Seventy-two of the researches were conducted by MA students, thirteen of them were research projects, and three of them were doctoral dissertations. All of the researches were conducted at the research and education centers of Tehran, Isfahan, and East Azerbaijan Provinces prior to 1387. Two evaluators made a checklist including the research indexes, research specifications, and the results and recommendations. The results were analyzed by a reliability coefficient, and that was determined as 97% between the evaluators. Some of the results of the meta-analysis are as follows:
Most of the researches analyzed in this study were conducted on teenagers and high school students, and only a few of them focused on university or middle school students. About 88% of the researches were conducted between the years 1380 and 1387, and there was no case of research before 1374.
Most of the researchers had used T-test to analyze the data of their researches. About 86 researches used questionnaires.
Out of 88 researches, 72 were conducted by MA students, 13 were research projects, and 3 of them were doctoral dissertations.
Topics such as forgiving, business management, and home care were less frequent.
Some deficiencies were identified in the methodology and content of the researches, including: excessive tendency towards quantitative research; excessive use of questionnaires and inattention to interview and observation; absence of precise, comparative researches; overemphasis on the western styles and skills and lack of attention to the skills commensurate with Iranian-Islamic culture; co-presence of hypothesis and question in most of the researches; inaccuracy in sampling methods and the use of small populations; excessive attention to high schools students and lack of attention to middle school students and adults; and the study of skills in isolation and inattention to them as
gholamreza latifi; mahnaz maghboul aghbali
Abstract
In this study, due to the low level of social interactions in urban public spaces and the decline of urban welfare as the main research issue, we sought to identify a solution to improve urban welfare by identifying the effective factors on urban democracy and promoting social action. In summary, in ...
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In this study, due to the low level of social interactions in urban public spaces and the decline of urban welfare as the main research issue, we sought to identify a solution to improve urban welfare by identifying the effective factors on urban democracy and promoting social action. In summary, in this study, in addition to clarifying the concept of urban welfare in public spaces, it has been attempted to introduce qualitative environmental factors affecting urban welfare with indicators of viability and vitality, as well as conceptual contexts of existing approaches. In the first part, by examining the views of experts and experts through interviews, the common concepts were more widely recognized by presenting the best indicators of measuring the utility of public spaces in the study area. In the second part, we analyze the extent of social interactions with the technique of counting and photographing, and we survey citizens to measure some of the components of urban democracy, viability and vitality, and to test hypotheses. Based on the findings of this study, the quality of public spaces studied is very low in terms of livability and vitality indices, and the low quality of these components reduces the components of urban democracy and social action as key indicators of urban well-being.
Volume 2, Issue 8 , October 2011, , Pages 121-152
Abstract
This article would first present an explanation on the importance of co-operative organizations as social movement in the world today and then will pay enough attention to the sustainable development. Sustainable development generally can be seen as means of preservation of environment and natural ...
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This article would first present an explanation on the importance of co-operative organizations as social movement in the world today and then will pay enough attention to the sustainable development. Sustainable development generally can be seen as means of preservation of environment and natural resources in close relation with production in a way that certain social infections such as poverty, inequality and income gap among different social groups or regions will either be eradicated or alleviated. The elements that bring about both sustainable development and social progress will be worked out here and the grassroots of environmental depletion and degradation of natural processes in a capitalist market economy will be made known. The debate shall normally shift to the subject of co-operatives and their inherent capacities and potentials to provide suitable conditions for sustainability. Co-operatives are well aware that they automatically should reproduce favorable grounds for sustainable development. As a consequence the article would focus on the significant share of co-operatives in today’s economy and the role they play in stability and preservation of sustainable development.
mehran sohrabzadeh; sedsaed hosenizadeh; hossein emamalizadeh; auob sakhaei
Abstract
Since the beginning of human civilization one of the basic needs of human beings in all cultures has been feeling happy, which affects the physical and mental health of community members. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the state of feeling of happiness and its relationship with social and ...
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Since the beginning of human civilization one of the basic needs of human beings in all cultures has been feeling happy, which affects the physical and mental health of community members. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the state of feeling of happiness and its relationship with social and cultural capital. The method used in this research is survey and data was gathered using questionnaires. The sample was composed of 384 of citizens of Aran & Bidgol in 2005 and the obtained data was analyzed by the statistical software LISREL and SPSS. The assessment of results showed that the happiness of the sample was at the moderate to high level (7.58) and the amount of happiness in the emotional dimension was at a higher level than cognitive and social dimensions. Also, the average values of social and cultural capital were 66.3 and 40.6 respectively. In analytical findings, statistics showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between social (0.478) and cultural capital (0.402) and feeling of happiness; in other words, with an increase in social and cultural capital, there will be a rise in citizens’ feeling of happiness. Also, the cultural capital indirectly, and by affecting the social capital, leads to an increase in the feeling of happiness.
majid akbari; v b a; ch m; n h
Abstract
Abstract Today, metropolitan cities face many problems in the economic, social, environmental and physical fields such as reducing the livability and diminishing the importance of urban ecology in the urban housing structure. Therefore, the necessity and importance of paying attention to sustainable ...
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Abstract Today, metropolitan cities face many problems in the economic, social, environmental and physical fields such as reducing the livability and diminishing the importance of urban ecology in the urban housing structure. Therefore, the necessity and importance of paying attention to sustainable development theory and its resulting approaches, like the livability approach, will create a city away from the economic, social, environmental and physical problems. The purpose of this paper is to measure the variables affecting citizens' satisfaction from the status of the factors of the habitat of the metropolitan city of Shiraz, following a more scientific explanation and a more expert look on the factors of livability. Accordingly, in view of the study of theoretical literature on survival, a conceptual framework consisting of octagonal factors has been developed to study the formulation of research and analysis. This is an applied and descriptive-analytical method. The characteristics of gender, age, level of education and economic satisfaction as individual and independent characteristics have been identified in this regard, in order to determine their impact on the satisfaction of the condition of livability and its octagonal factors as dependent variables. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula and considering the maximum heterogeneity hypothesis for the 11 regions of the city of Shiraz, 384 people. In order to analyze the data, statistical methods such as frequency distribution, single sample T, Spearman, Fay and Kramer correlation coefficients were used. SPSS software was used for this purpose. Fuzzy multi-criteria methods were used to understand the livability position of the regions. The results showed that the satisfaction rate of citizens from the situation of livability is not favorable, and areas in zones one and two with a high and average satisfaction are the best places for survival. The reason for this is the livability of services and amenities in the areas of interest. Keywords: Livability, Livable City, Sustainable Development, Shiraz Metropolis.
yarmohammad ghasemi; batol rostami
Abstract
The Purpose of this paper is analyzing the relationship between Social Capital, and the development level of Ilam. To do this, combination of the mixed idea of Durkhim; Anomie theory, Habermas; Life World and Social Transition has been introduced as a theoretical base. Method: this research is done by ...
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The Purpose of this paper is analyzing the relationship between Social Capital, and the development level of Ilam. To do this, combination of the mixed idea of Durkhim; Anomie theory, Habermas; Life World and Social Transition has been introduced as a theoretical base. Method: this research is done by a social survey. Statistical population is all the household Caretakers in Ilam. Due to the spreading of the statistical population, the multi stage sampling is adopted to survey among 402 sample .Dependent variable in this research is the development level of Ilam’s regions. Considering the degree of development it is divided to developed, developing and under developed regions. Findings show that the amount of inter personal trust is upper than public and institutional trust. In this statistical population the amount of informal participation is high and the amount of formal ones is low. There isn’t relationship between the amount of cooperation, institutional trust and amount of political participation with the level of development. As a conclusion it should be said that, although Ilam is developing in urban fabric, in one hand because of anomic situation and destroying world life on the other hand, which both are the consequents of modernization experience, the relationship between urban development of region and the level of social capital has been disturbed.
sahebeh mohammadinmansor; abolghasem golkhandan; mojtabi khansari; davod golkhandan
Abstract
For many economists, an increase in happiness in society will lead to a rise in the level of productivity, and consequently economic growth and higher welfare. Thus, they seek to find factors that boost the level of happiness in society. Accordingly, in this article we decided to find the socio-economic ...
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For many economists, an increase in happiness in society will lead to a rise in the level of productivity, and consequently economic growth and higher welfare. Thus, they seek to find factors that boost the level of happiness in society. Accordingly, in this article we decided to find the socio-economic factors affecting happiness. For this purpose, the income per capita, unemployment rate, life expectancy, mean years of schooling and religious restriction variables and GLS estimator and cross-sectional data in 61 countries in 2010 were used. The results showed a linear relationship between per capita income and happiness, so that with the increase of income, happiness increases. The unemployment rate has a negative effect and the average years of schooling, at a significantly lower level than othervariables in the model, has a positive impact on happiness. Increased government restrictions and social hostilities, as indexes for measuring religious restrictions in communities, were associated with less happiness. A general conclusion from the analysis of socio-economic factors affecting happiness can be that richer countries, with lower unemployment rates, less religious restrictions and higher life expectancy and education, are happier.
Volume 2, Issue 6 , May 2011, , Pages 129-174
Abstract
Media have strong presence among people as significant socialization factors in the current era. The results of studies show that there is a critical relationship between the amount of TV& newspaper consumption and social assets of citizens. These mentioned media can be very influential in changing ...
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Media have strong presence among people as significant socialization factors in the current era. The results of studies show that there is a critical relationship between the amount of TV& newspaper consumption and social assets of citizens. These mentioned media can be very influential in changing the amount of social capital.
In this paper the relation between amount of social capital and media consumption of Tehran citizens is investigated. The main issue of this study is to understand whether watching television and reading news paper cause any changes in the level of social capital? Referring to media effects theories such as agenda setting, cultivation and Putnam and Stone social capital theory and by using survey method this relation was studied among 600 literate Tehran citizens who were selected by the usage of random sampling method.
Results show that television gathers individuals together and is a factor for reinforcing the relations and interactions between members of a family. Trust in television and newspaper is a factor for attracting audiences to these media and being influenced by their messages.
Findings indicate that there is a relation between media consumption and social capital. In another words as the amount of media consumption increases, the amount of social capital promotes. Finally television as the main media of Iran with its widespread coverage can have positive influences on social capital and its elements through various outlets and programs.
vahed ghasemi; marzieh mehraban; zahri taheri
Abstract
Social welfare generally refers to a multidimensional economic, social, and political status. Its primary aim is to preserve the human dignity, to increase the responsibility of society towards individuals, and to enhance the capabilities of the society in individual and collective areas. The current ...
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Social welfare generally refers to a multidimensional economic, social, and political status. Its primary aim is to preserve the human dignity, to increase the responsibility of society towards individuals, and to enhance the capabilities of the society in individual and collective areas. The current paper aims to explain social welfare and its impact on the sense of security using documentary and survey research methods (closed-ended Likert-type scale) among Isfahani residents. Cluster sampling technique was used in the study. A sample of 384 residents of Isfahan was randomly selected based on their age, gender, and location of residence. The data was analyzed using SPSS and Amos. The results indicated a direct and significant relationship between the two variables of social capital and socio-economic status and the variable of social welfare. Moreover, there was a direct and significant relationship between social welfare as a dependent variable and the the sense of security. The structural equation modelling of the research indicated that the collected data were confirmed within the theoretical framework of the study.
Volume 3, Issue 11 , June 2016, , Pages 131-182
Abstract
Isolation, in social science, is withdrawal and deprivation from social interactions. Although it has been an issue for centuries, it has been studied systematically just for the last fifty years. The present paper investigates the quality of university students’ withdrawal and its relation to ...
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Isolation, in social science, is withdrawal and deprivation from social interactions. Although it has been an issue for centuries, it has been studied systematically just for the last fifty years. The present paper investigates the quality of university students’ withdrawal and its relation to social trust. Social withdrawal is measured on the basis of three factors: membership in associations and social groups, having social links, and having social relations. The major independent variable is that of social trust, measured by three dimensions of institutional trust, generalized trust and inter-personal trust.
The present paper is a survey study and data collection is done through questionnaires distributed among 361 students. The subjects were chosen through proportional stratified sampling. Cronbach’s Alpha was used for testing reliability of measuring tools, Pearson correlation coefficient was used for testing hypotheses, Variance analysis was used for comparing average values and regression analysis was used for examining the analytic model. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between social trust and social withdrawal among university students. The resulted correlation coefficient for this variable was -0.294. With a significance level of p=0.000, it is indicative of a negative (and reverse) relationship between these two variables. Therefore, we can claim that social withdrawal of university students is largely influenced by the quality of their social trust. Decrease in their social trust leads to increase in their social withdrawal and vice versa. There is also a negative (and reverse) significant relationship between their economic-social status and their social withdrawal.
Multi-variable regression analysis shows that %14 of social withdrawal variance is explained by three variables of generalized trust, parents’ income and inter-personal trust. Therefore, experimental results of the study seem to confirm theoretical views represented in the theoretical framework. Generally, considering the existing social withdrawal, it is necessary to make appropriate policies for activating and motivating university students so that we can eradicate its causes and, subsequently, prevent its probable social damages.
Volume 1, Issue 4 , May 2010, , Pages 135-150
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between general health and burnout of social workers who work in the public hospitals of Tehran and to compare it with their counterparts in the welfare centers in the same city. To do so general health is measured according to different factors ...
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The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between general health and burnout of social workers who work in the public hospitals of Tehran and to compare it with their counterparts in the welfare centers in the same city. To do so general health is measured according to different factors such as physical functioning, anxiety, social functioning and depression and burnout is analyses in terms of the size and intensity of emotional self-assessment, depersonalization and individual failure.
Method of research:
This is a descriptive research which has been conducted through a survey, where identifying the main variables, burnout and general health, and subject’s condition are emphasized.
A survey was done on the 87 subjects who were employed in public hospitals and 79 subjects who were employed in the welfare centers and were selected through stratified and cluster sampling. Hence the total number of subjects in this study was 166. The data was gathered based on general health questionnaire (Goldberg and Miller) and burnout (Maslach).
Findings suggest that there is an indirect correlation between general health and burnout. So when burnout increases, general health decreases and vice versa. The research also conveys that the social workers employed in the public hospitals in comparison with their counterparts in welfare centers suffer more from burnout.
In Conclusion we should point out that one of the factors involving burnout is the amount of individual success. Unfortunately all of our subjects do not have a favorable condition and suffer from low individual success. The other factor, which plays an important role in general health, is emotional self- assessment. Our respondents experienced a high degree of that.
Milad Bagi; Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi
Abstract
Elderly living arrangements in developing countries are important because governments cannot support them due to the lack of advanced health care systems. This study aimed to investigate the changes in living arrangements of people 60 years old and over during the last four decades (1984-2019) in Iran. ...
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Elderly living arrangements in developing countries are important because governments cannot support them due to the lack of advanced health care systems. This study aimed to investigate the changes in living arrangements of people 60 years old and over during the last four decades (1984-2019) in Iran. The Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data conducted by the Statistics Center of Iran were analyzed. Findings indicated that elderly headship rate has increased over time. Although this growth observed for both sexes, it was double as high for women as for men. Most households headed by old men are nuclear households while women often take care of solo and single-parent households. More elderly people live alone nowadays and their household size has decreased during the time. Howbeit the number of households with an elderly head with an adult child has increased, but this co-residence does not have benefits for elderly parents. Indeed, changes in elderly living arrangements in Iran over the past three decades have led to more increasing pressure on the old ages and they have to accept more responsibilities such as household head and managing its needs.
