Social Development & Welfare Planning

Abstract Abstract
This paper aims to explore the dominant gender discourses in employment policies after Islamic Revolution of Iran using a gender analysis approach and qualitative content analysis method. The Result shows that, there are various propositions of competing gender discourses in employment policies that have witnessed changes in terms of time period, approving authority and occupation types. In other words, while categories that represent the intrinsic approach are dominate in various political discourses and documents, such as the priority of maternal and spousal roles for women, man head of household, harmful employment, primacy of private sphere, family centered approach, and different rights and duties, policy makers have reserved conditional employment for elite women. From the perspective of extrinsic approach, there are some categories such as: equal payment, skill centered approach, women empowerment and necessity of structural changes. In sum, based on McPhail’s model, one can explore extrinsic and intrinsic approaches in Iranian employment policies at the same time which shows that policy approaches and orientations are inconsistent.
Keywords: Gender analysis, Employment, Women, Family, Gender Discourses

Abstract Abstract The aim of present study was to investigate the level of citizenship awareness  and factors on among Lorestan province citizens aged 18 to 65. The method of the study is quntatative and is applied from the apply point of view and instrument of study is questionnaire. Sample size was estaimated at 852 and sampling method is Probability multi-stage sampling, to consider sampling stage, the population of sample was selected from Khoramabad, Broujerd, Alighodarz, Kouhdasht, Alashtar and Poldokhtar citizens. From each city  one town and two villages were selected according to the population. According to the results, the level of awareness of citizenship rights among citizens (2.71) is relatively high. Among the different aspects of citizenship right, the highest level of awareness was related to social rights of citizenship (2.86) and the lowest was related to citizenship cultural rights (2.38). The Results of analysis of data showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of citizenship awareness between men and women. The Results of Pearson test, positive and moderate effect of socioeconomic status variable, negative and moderate effect of   variables on tendency toward tribal belongingness, evaluative variable toward function of political system, economic security with awareness of citizenship rights and revealed that lack of confirmation of relationship between social identity variables shows social trust and the extent to which the media use citizenship awareness. The results of stepwise regression also show that 42.2% of the variance of the dependent variable (citizenship awareness is determined through a linear combination of independent variables of economic security, socio- economic status, and tendency toward tribal belongingness and social identity. Keywords: Citizenship Rights, Social Identity, Tendency Toward Tribal Belongingness, Economic Security

Abstract Abstract
This article studies the policy of housing in Iran. Housing policy as the next dimension of social policy can be influenced by the orientations and approaches of governments. However, there is no accurate indication of how different governments are oriented towards housing policy in Iran. This is especially important for low-income groups. The question of this research is that how did governments influence the housing policy of low-income groups? To answer this question, the housing policy was examined in two dimensions of legal input and Executive output over the years 1979 to 2013 using qualitative data. The results of the study showed that housing policy in the legal input was influenced by the government's approach. But from the executive perspective, despite the difference in the type of housing policy in different governments, the results and practices of housing policy have been similar to those of low-income groups. It means that Government policies have so far not been able to make such a viable and effective operation that lowers incomes to their right to provide adequate housing. Therefore, informal settlement has increased and the amount of homelessness has been increased over the recent years. With the advent of the first decade of the revolution, housing policy has so far provided for the accumulation of capital for traders and, on the other hand, has led to the Lack of
citizenship for the majority of society. This situation has led to the commoditization of land and the growth of its exchange value.
Keywords: Housing, State, Rent, Social Justice, Social Policy.
 

Abstract Abstract
Until the early 1960s, welfare was viewed as an economic category in terms of objective and quantitative indicators such as income and consumption. Attempts to build social indicators began by emphasizing the inadequacy of economic indicators to explain social status. Since 1990, the study of subjective well-being and its adaptation to objective well-being has been included in developmental research. This is undoubtedly the case in Iran as well, and planning for the promotion of social welfare demands aristocracy over the two categories of objective and subjective well-being, and whether or not they are compatible. But the social welfare index varies widely across provinces in Iran. Two provinces of Semnan and Kurdistan were selected for investigation. Kurdistan province has always been one of the three least developed provinces of Iran and Semnan province has been among the first two provinces, especially during the past years. Also, due to cultural, ethnic, religious and geographical differences of Kurdistan province with other 
selected for study. The research method is survey and the statistical population includes all people aged 18-60 years living in two provinces in 2018. The total sample size for the two provinces was 1200. A questionnaire was also used for data collection. The results show that there is a significant relationship between ethnicity and religiosity in Semnan province with objective and subjective well-being and there is no significant relationship between education and feeling of freedom with this adjustment. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of education, ethnicity, religiosity, feeling of freedom and the dependent variable. The highest correlation is related to the ethnic status variable. According to the regression model in Semnan province religiosity had the highest effect on subjective and subjective well-being adjustment and the variables entered in the model were able to explain 16% of the dependent variable changes. For Kurdistan province, the feeling of freedom had the greatest effect on the dependent variable, and the model variables accounted for 24% of the dependent variable change.
Keywords: Social Welfare, Mental Welfare, Ethnic Status, Religion, Sense of Freedom
 

Abstract Abstract: In the area of providing welfare services, the provision  of adequate housing has always been a concern for governments. Because in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the provision of this welfare service as one of the duties of the state is known. Undoubtedly, the arrival and presentation of this welfare service in Iran, after the Islamic Revolution, has been a downward spiral. Because welfare policies of housing are the product of the forces and structures as well as the economic, social and political conditions governing each period. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of governments in housing policies in Iran  after  the Islamic Revolution, using the theory  of  analyzing  the policy of critique with a historical-analytical method. The information needed to analyze this situation is extracted in a documentary manner, from related programs and documents, from the time after the revolution to the end of the fifth development plan. The results of this analysis show that the policies of housing development in Iran after the revolution, influenced by the discourse of the revolution in the interim government and the  Mousavi  government, have overcome the structural adjustment perspective affected by global conditions in the Hashemi  government, prioritizing the market and The private sector in the Khatami  government, the discourse on justice in the Ahmadinejad government,  and the discourse on economic rationality in Rouhani's  government, respectively, with the policies of redistribution of housing from the bottom, the release of the housing market, the empowerment and organization of informal settlements, the response to demand for housing Especially among low-income people with a housing plan and the procedural reform of  Mehr  housing plan with  an emphasis on community  housing. Has been   considered. Keywords: Government, Welfare Policy, Housing   Policymaking, Islamic Revolution, Developmental Plans

Abstract Abstract:
The present article specified the relationship between modernity and mental well-being of headquarter employees of social security organization in 2017. The method of this research was survey correlation method and the statistical population was all headquarter employees in social security organization in 2017 who were 1196 employees. Among them 291 people were chosen as the sample group in stratified ratio sampling method through Cookeran formula. The data were collected through researcher’s self- made questionnaire with content validity and 0.95 as the reliability for mental well-being and 0.92 for modernity. The theoretical framework of mental well-being was adjusted by considering Durkheim and Giddens` happiness theories, Philips quality of life and Giddens` modernity theory. The obtained results of Pearson Correlation test revealed that: there was a significant relationship between modernity and mental well- being of employees. The results of multiple regression and path analysis revealed that modernity indexes can specify 17% of employees` mental well- being among which modern socialization with = β 0.392 has the major portion; 
then modern identity elements with = β 0.247  and modern life style with= β - 0.194 come next.
Keywords:Modernity, Mental well-being, Social Security Organization, Employees.

Abstract Abstract     
Power and status are two essential dimensions of social relations that create specific feelings during social interaction. Research question is as follows: Is there a difference in power relations - a place in the formation of organizational commitment among public, private and public organizations? The overall purpose of this research is to solve the problem of organizational commitment in governmental, public and private organizations according to Kemper's theory is there a difference in power status relations. The research method is descriptive and explanatory scrolling and is done by a questionnaire technique based on standardized questionnaires. The statistical population in this research is all employees of the Tehran Justice Organization, the Tehran Municipality and the private organization of food products in Goshtarjan. The method of sampling in the municipal organization as a checklist was straightforward in the organization of the meat industry and the judiciary. The findings of the research showed that the existence of a relationship between power-status relationships in the 
 
Regarding the correlation coefficient between power relations and organizational commitment of three organizations (-0.68), municipality (-0.559) and justice
(-0.712), with the increase of power relations, the organizational commitment is reduced, which The reverse performance decreases in the judiciary, brokers and municipality, respectively. Regarding the coefficient of correlation between status relationships and organizational commitment, it can be said that in all three organizations, the relationship between two variables is positive and direct. Stable relationships in all three organizations increase with the increase of organizational commitment due to the correlation coefficient between position relationships and organizational commitment of the three organizations of meatmen (0.701), municipality (0.789) and justice (0.463). Which increases direct performance in the municipality, meat industry and the judiciary, respectively. In creating an organizational commitment among employees of organizations, the power relations have a negative effect and the base relationships have a positive effect.
Keywords: Emotional commitment, Continuous commitment, Normative commitment, Power relations, Status relations