ezatollah samaram; reza mahbobi
Abstract
Following the turn of paradigm in the discourse of social welfare and the dimensions of subjective well-being, the issue of building the this scale to measure social welfare has become important more than ever. Moreover no considerable effort has been made for this purpose before. After making conceptual ...
Read More
Following the turn of paradigm in the discourse of social welfare and the dimensions of subjective well-being, the issue of building the this scale to measure social welfare has become important more than ever. Moreover no considerable effort has been made for this purpose before. After making conceptual model to explain subjective well-being, in this research a questionnaire was designed to measure the social welfare. In its pilot study in Oromiyeh with 51 random samples, results showed value of KMO was 0.696 and the result of Bartlett test was meaningful as well. Also amount of Cronbach's Alpha was 0.856. So due to different assessing methods, this questionnaire enjoys the necessary level of reliability and validity.
afsaneh ghasemi; azra jarollahi
Abstract
Scientific spirit with its components such as curiosity, extent of deliberation, deep-thinking, foresight, the spirit of tolerance, divergent and creative thinking, is among the most important university assets which are acquisitive through training. Using survey method and questionnaire, this study ...
Read More
Scientific spirit with its components such as curiosity, extent of deliberation, deep-thinking, foresight, the spirit of tolerance, divergent and creative thinking, is among the most important university assets which are acquisitive through training. Using survey method and questionnaire, this study examines factors which have influence on student’s scientific spirit. The method of sampling in this study is the method of appropriate category; based on Cochron pattern, 338 individuals are chosen as our sample. The findings of the research showed that the variables such as the field of study and interest in it, professor- student relations, and the attitude of other people towards student's field of study are highly influential on the scientific spirit of university students. It also became clear that the university’s support of scientific-research activities and the levels of educational facilities do not affect the scientific spirit of the students.
jafar hezarjarebi; mostafa keshvari charmi; elham faroghi; aghel motghadm
Abstract
Societal and economic security is a basic pre-requisite of a sustained and balanced development in a community. On one hand lack of such a feeling may apparently decline the dynamic forces of a given society, and on the other it may boost social costs of the society without making an improvement in welfare ...
Read More
Societal and economic security is a basic pre-requisite of a sustained and balanced development in a community. On one hand lack of such a feeling may apparently decline the dynamic forces of a given society, and on the other it may boost social costs of the society without making an improvement in welfare of that society. This research aims at studying the sense of security among Tehran’s citizens and the factors affecting such a sense among them. As a survey research, this study used organized interviews with 384 persons via cluster sampling. Societal sense of security is comprised of four main aspects: physical, financial, intellectual and collective. Findings showed that the over 90 percent of Tehran’s citizens have average to low societal sense of security. From the aforesaid four aspects, social, financial and physical security had higher average rate than intellectual and collective security. There is meaningful relationship between social-economic status, social confidence and inclination to participation with social security. Also, the value of R2 was calculated to be 0.258 which indicated that these variables can explain only 25.8 percent of changes. Also social-economic status and social trust were found to have the highest rate of influence on social security.
mohsen neizi; mohammad ganji; mohammad karkonannasrabad
Abstract
Internet, as a media, with an astounding growth in recent years has had significant impacts on human social life. The present paper aimed to investigate the role of internet on users’ social capital in cyberspaces and non cyberspaces. The bonding and bridging dimensions of social capital in cyberspaces ...
Read More
Internet, as a media, with an astounding growth in recent years has had significant impacts on human social life. The present paper aimed to investigate the role of internet on users’ social capital in cyberspaces and non cyberspaces. The bonding and bridging dimensions of social capital in cyberspaces and non cyberspaces were focused. It was a survey study and the research instrument was questionnaire. 313 subjects were selected by stratified random sampling method from among the students of ShahidChamranUniversity. The results showed that therewas a significant and positive relation between duration of using Internet and societal using of Internet with social capital (bonding/bridging) in cyberspaces. Therewas also a significant and negative relation between duration of using Internet and social capital (bonding/bridging) in non cyberspaces. Therewas no significant relation between societal using of Internet and social capital (bonding/bridging) in non cyberspaces. Moreover, therewas a negative and significant relation between social capital in cyberspaces and that of non cyberspaces. It indicates that increase in social capital in cyberspace leads to decrease in social capital in non cyberspace.
zahri nezamevandchgeni; hasan saraei
Abstract
One of the most important and effective factors in development is the maximum participation of men and women in labor force. Women, as half of the potential labor force in any society, can accelerate the trend of economic growth and development through their contribution to economic activities. The present ...
Read More
One of the most important and effective factors in development is the maximum participation of men and women in labor force. Women, as half of the potential labor force in any society, can accelerate the trend of economic growth and development through their contribution to economic activities. The present paper studies the effect of demographic, social, and economic variables on women’s labor force participation, using 2% sample data from the 2006 Census of Tehran. After reviewing theoretical and experimental literature, the most effective variables (with regard to the available data) in women’s participation were identified. After conducting the bivariate analysis, the final analysis was performed using the logistic regression. The results of the research demonstrated that divorced and never-married women in Tehran had higher labor force participation than married women or widows. Fertility rate had a negative effect on women’s labor force participation. In other words, women without children had higher labor force participation than those with children. Also, education level was another effective variable with a positive effect on with women’s labor force participation in Tehran. Moreover, family economic status had a significant effect on the level of participation. In other words, women in low-income families had higher labor force participation than those in high-income families. The results of logistic regression, with control for age, showed that the effect of variables in all models on the activity of women of all ages was statistically significant at the level of 99%. Education level, with control for other variables, was the most effective variable on the activity of all women, except those aged 20-34 years; while marital status, with control for other factors, was the most effective variable for women aged 20-34 years. The identification level of models according to the related independent variables was identified to be high and the predictability rate of models was more than 80%. All the four analyzed variables, therefore, had high effects on women’s labor force participation. In general, it can be concluded that the level of education not only had direct effect on women’s participation, but also indirectly increased it through affecting marital status (increasing age at marriage and divorce rate) as well as reducing the level of fertility. Therefore, these variables, along with others, affect the decision of women to join labor force.
bahareh hagihosseni; ezatallah samaram
Abstract
In this article, the reformist discourse of Khatami's Administration is analyzed and the status of poverty alleviation is designated. The authors presume that discourses construct realities, so discourse analysis is important for tracing the roots of any phenomena. Therefore, the authors have examined ...
Read More
In this article, the reformist discourse of Khatami's Administration is analyzed and the status of poverty alleviation is designated. The authors presume that discourses construct realities, so discourse analysis is important for tracing the roots of any phenomena. Therefore, the authors have examined the related texts (including the selected speeches and development plans) by using Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory and Fairclaugh's Critical Discourse Analysis. Findings indicate that in the reformist discourse of Khatami's Administration, "political development" was the master signifier and other signifiers, including poverty alleviation, gained their final meaning as the result of subjection to it. In other words, poverty alleviation was postponed until the achievement of political development. According to the theoretical findings, the reformist discourse was constituted by articulating the signifiers of liberalism discourse and the Islamic Revolution meta-discourse. As poverty alleviation is not the master signifier in liberalism -it is in fact a by-product of political and economic development- the reality which is produced by this discourse does not pay attention to poverty alleviation as a main issue and marginalizes it.
m p
Abstract
The last quarter of the 20th century coincided with cultural turn, post-modernism and post- structuralism, both in social reality and in social analysis. This "turn" not only reveals increasing importance of culture in human life and in the humanities and social sciences, but a better and deeper understanding ...
Read More
The last quarter of the 20th century coincided with cultural turn, post-modernism and post- structuralism, both in social reality and in social analysis. This "turn" not only reveals increasing importance of culture in human life and in the humanities and social sciences, but a better and deeper understanding of the role and power of culture in various arenas of human life and social theorizing, what had been overwhelmed for a long time by the economic factor. In this paper we have attempted in, first, discussing the importance of the development of culture and cultural development, and its various aspects and dimensions. Second, utilizing the recent studies about the role of culture in economic, social and political development, we explored the fact that continuous and enduring development of different aspects of societies without development of their indigenous culture neither is possible, nor it may lead to self- realization and accomplishment of human beings. We concluded that in Iran, for the development of various aspects of the society, it is necessary that such development be based on indigenous Iranian-Islamic culture. In other words, the developmental efforts in Iran must be culturally based in order to succeed.
k s; s g; a h
Abstract
The present study examines the relationship between work and family role expectations and the conflicts between work and family domains. It studies the relationship between these conflicts, as dependent variables, and the independent variables of work control, family involvement, social ...
Read More
The present study examines the relationship between work and family role expectations and the conflicts between work and family domains. It studies the relationship between these conflicts, as dependent variables, and the independent variables of work control, family involvement, social support for work and its dimensions and the social support of family. The study assumes that high expectations of work role and control in the workplace are associated with work-family conflict and also with family role expectations and family members’ low involvement in family-work conflict. It is also thought that social support for work, by reducing control of work, and family support by increasing family involvement, decrease work-family conflicts among women. The population of this study includes all married women employed in the organizations of education and police force of Kermanshah, including 115 (56 policewomen and 59 female teachers). The results showed that high expectations of work role, work-family conflict and family expectations create family-work conflict, and these conflicts are more common in female police officers than female teachers. Control of work was associated with work and family conflict, while there was no relationship between work-family conflict and family involvement. Also, there was a significant relationship between social support for work and control of work, on the one hand, and between family social support and family conflict, on the other hand.
shahab kaskeh; mohammad hasan pardakhtchi; zahra sabaghein; mehdi iranmanesh; jafar tofeghi
Abstract
The present paper aims to formulate a pattern of university administration using the grounded theory approach. The participants included 22 faculty members having valuable experiences in the area of higher education management. The data were collected using in-depth interviews, and the texts of the interviews ...
Read More
The present paper aims to formulate a pattern of university administration using the grounded theory approach. The participants included 22 faculty members having valuable experiences in the area of higher education management. The data were collected using in-depth interviews, and the texts of the interviews were analyzed using a content-analysis method. Administration, at both levels, was affected by some factors, including the attitude to the position and role of universities in different areas, main actors in the administration of universities and their interrelationships, public policies at national and regional levels, and the broad role of governments. The present study mainly focused on quality of the the beneficiaries’ participation in the administraion of universities. The structure of the beneficiares’ participation, the intellectual pattern common among the beneficiaries, and the operational-managerial patterns used by higher education managers were discussed and, accordingly, a final model was psoposed.
ezatollah sam aram; jafar hezarjaribi; mohammadmahdi fadakar; mohammadtaghi karami; mohammad mahdi shamsaei
Abstract
Health is a dynamic concept with regard to physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions. All the ideas about spirituality can be summarized in two general approaches: (a) spirituality as a general concept of finding meaning; and (b) spirituality as approaching God/ divinity. No western approach ...
Read More
Health is a dynamic concept with regard to physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions. All the ideas about spirituality can be summarized in two general approaches: (a) spirituality as a general concept of finding meaning; and (b) spirituality as approaching God/ divinity. No western approach accepts that man is supposed to be God’s representative on the earth. Therefore, the main research question is:what components make up spiritual health, based on Islamic teachings? The study is qualitative, and uses a librarymethod and scientific-religious approach. It uses exegesis of the Quran, Hadith and ethical books, Ganjineh-ye Ravayat-e Noor specialized software, complete volumes of Tafsir Noor, and Ahl-e Beit Library. The study identified the following as the components of spiritual health based on the teachings of Islam: Tawwakul, high opinion towards God, faith, attention to the satisfaction of God, pure motive, thanksgiving, modesty and humility, patience, virtue, justice, prayers, remembrance of God, repentance, thinking and reasoning, self-knowledge, and belief in life after death. It is necessary that the Health Care System and other related organizations consider institutionalizing and propagating these local concepts in their policies and strategies.
Volume 3, Issue 12 , October 2012, , Pages 1-32
Abstract
The paper explores and reflects grandparents' health and life style in Tehran city. In recent decades, many grandparents have migrated to Tehran along with their offspring. The study of different aspects of grandparents' life will help younger generations to understand the elder generation as well as ...
Read More
The paper explores and reflects grandparents' health and life style in Tehran city. In recent decades, many grandparents have migrated to Tehran along with their offspring. The study of different aspects of grandparents' life will help younger generations to understand the elder generation as well as to plan for the later stages of life. Moreover, the paper identifies various dimensions of the quality of life and health of the grandparents. A description of their health disorders would help in predicting the possible aging-associated diseases as well as in showing how to plan for the younger generations who are approaching the second phase of their life, i.e. middle age. The paper also evaluates how social and economic conditions among the grandparents are different from each other.
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of data presents clear reflections on the growing population of elderly not only in Tehran but also in Iran. The method of research used in the present paper is that of survey, preceded by theoretical and literature review. In the process of research, 452 families with grandparents have been studied through questionnaires.
Volume 3, Issue 11 , June 2016, , Pages 1-32
Abstract
The main purpose of the study is the analysis of social factors affecting the rate of family disputes in Bushehr. The method adopted was survey method and the information of 400 families were collected using questionnaires and cluster sampling. The ordinal regression method of Kendall (tau-b) and multivariate ...
Read More
The main purpose of the study is the analysis of social factors affecting the rate of family disputes in Bushehr. The method adopted was survey method and the information of 400 families were collected using questionnaires and cluster sampling. The ordinal regression method of Kendall (tau-b) and multivariate regression was used in the analysis and hypothesis testing and the following results were obtained:
There are significant relationships between communication skills and the rate of family disputes, between the level of education in the family and family disputes, and between the interference of others and family disputes. All the above three hypotheses were confirmed by the results. However, the hypothesis of social status and family disputes were not confirmed. According to the results of the regression, coefficient of determination was (R2=0.378). The coefficient shows that 37.8 percent of family disputes are related to a change in the above-mentioned four variables. Beta coefficient was used regarding the importance and role of independent variables in predicting the dependent variables. The role of each variable compared to the other variable is respectively as follows.
They are communication skills of spouses (-0.635), the interference of others in the life of spouses (0.239), family social status (-0.089), and the level of education (0.035).
Finally, based on the results it is possible to say with 95 percent confidence that there is a significant relationship between social factors and the rate of family disputes.
Volume 3, Issue 10 , February 2012, , Pages 1-38
Abstract
The present paper attempts to examine the effect of sociological factors on the religiosity of students at Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. The theoretical framework of the study is developed based on the views of Joachim Wach, George Stolz, Peter Berger, and Glock and Stark. Within the selected framework, ...
Read More
The present paper attempts to examine the effect of sociological factors on the religiosity of students at Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. The theoretical framework of the study is developed based on the views of Joachim Wach, George Stolz, Peter Berger, and Glock and Stark. Within the selected framework, variables such as socio-economic status, ethnic identity, and secularization were found to be among the factors affecting the degree of religiosity.
The research data were collected through a survey from a population of 14099 students at ShahidChamranUniversity; a sample of 400 students was drawn through stratified sampling and the obtained data were analyzed statistically via SPSS, V. 16.
The result of multiple regression demonstrated that the independent variables in this research account for 37 per cent of variance in religiosity. Moreover, the result of B coefficient showed that secularization had a significant and negative correlation with religiosity. It also became clear that there was a significant and negative correlation between the socio-economic status and religiosity, whereas no relation was found between socio-economic status and degree of secularization. Secularization is observed more in men; no relationship was found between ethnic identity and religiosity.
Volume 2, Issue 9 , September 2011, , Pages 1-34
Abstract
The economic needs of contemporary social formation had changed from production to consumption. This transformation, in addition to cultural turn in sociology and circulation of interest in symbolic processes of social action led to change the consumption into one of the most focal subject matter in ...
Read More
The economic needs of contemporary social formation had changed from production to consumption. This transformation, in addition to cultural turn in sociology and circulation of interest in symbolic processes of social action led to change the consumption into one of the most focal subject matter in contemporary sociology. Current research had been done to identify consumption patterns among resident of Tehran and study the effective factors on these patterns. In the theoretical section along with adoption a macro level and studying historical perspectives, the micro level theories which are based on individual actor’s behaviors and practices, had been studied, too. Methodologically, this is a survey research in which multistage cluster sampling had been used for selection of samples. The data have been collected through questionnaire among 410 citizens of Tehran between ages of 15 to 45. The findings of research are indicative of class distribution of consumption patterns and corresponding of these patterns to individual’s position in social hierarchy. So, it seems that we cannot speak of studying the stratification and social distinctions based on consumption and lifestyle instead of structural and class processes. Because consumption patterns and lifestyles are themselves the manifestations of class position.
Volume 2, Issue 8 , October 2011, , Pages 1-36
Abstract
This article tries to study prominent but rather unknown category of resources related to tradesman and guilds. These resources under various names of Fotovat Name, Rasael Javanmardan, Kasb Name, Kesvat Name and so on are in fact people letter of self guaranteed, self accepted and internalized ...
Read More
This article tries to study prominent but rather unknown category of resources related to tradesman and guilds. These resources under various names of Fotovat Name, Rasael Javanmardan, Kasb Name, Kesvat Name and so on are in fact people letter of self guaranteed, self accepted and internalized assertion of tradesman of Islamic societies that can be taken in to account by scholars and researchers of anthropology, history, sociology, economy, development, literature. As I mentioned earlier in two books of "Anthropology of Sustainable Development" and "Changes of Work and Construction Culture in Iran" these resources are extremely fruitful in this era of making wonderlands by capitalistic- colonial system and its demagogue for consumption, consumptive society and mass consumption. In this article after reviewing historical stem of chivalry and empowering Ayaran (up to regional authority) in Iran, their methods of propaganda and education will be discussed. It seems that after Alexander attack a Greek culture of anti-working which showed itself in aristocracy of Samani era was a prerequisite for creating such chivalry movement which was anti aristocracy and tried for reviving work culture and work dignity too. Although these assertions are simple text in style and literature because of admiring work culture they are the most effective assertion which related work, art, religion, ethic, human emotion and ethnic unconsciousness to each others in order to change their addressee to work, try and honor moral virtues and the other people. Finally tracing the impact of such lessons on Iranians' life, action and work along history, understanding changes of it and its weakening in Iran and similar societies the article provides new and thoughtful questions for emancipation.
Volume 2, Issue 7 , July 2011, , Pages 1-26
Abstract
Money has been known as an economic and abstract attribute. Thus it is expected that money is not gender sensitive. On the other hand, to alleviate poverty and produce equal opportunities and especially women’s empowerment, the development planners usually inject various amounts of money to communities ...
Read More
Money has been known as an economic and abstract attribute. Thus it is expected that money is not gender sensitive. On the other hand, to alleviate poverty and produce equal opportunities and especially women’s empowerment, the development planners usually inject various amounts of money to communities based on different plans like microcredit. By giving these micro loans, the development planners expected that the women benefiting from this opportunity would begin a small business, make money, and save some money to repay the loan as well. But the lenders confronted with different expectation coming from various layers of the community (based on diverse social and cultural aspects). If money is an abstract attribute, why special layers of community use it in numerous ways? Regarding the cultural feature of Iranian society that usually keeps financial features as a top secret, a case study for 7 years was implemented. For data gathering, mixed method of field research and a small survey was designed and applied. Based on some theoretical approaches, women understand and use money differently. This research indicated that women in daily life show their own understanding of money. They manage their monetary issues based on this understanding. Social roles and expectations as mothers and wives lead them to manage their financial sources. When their earnings increase, their social expectations change too. They have to spend the money to answer these new internal expectations instead of saving it.
Volume 2, Issue 6 , May 2011, , Pages 1-44
Abstract
Today, higher education is one of the fundamental factors of moving towards globalization; likewise professional human resources are major characteristic of progress and development of countries. With development of information technology (IT) and shortened the economic cycle, the role of intangible ...
Read More
Today, higher education is one of the fundamental factors of moving towards globalization; likewise professional human resources are major characteristic of progress and development of countries. With development of information technology (IT) and shortened the economic cycle, the role of intangible assets, particularly such as knowledge, becomes more significant and creates added value. Thus development and strengthening the scientific education and research institutions pave the way for development of other areas. In this study, undermining potential talent and thoughts is considered as the main challenge. This research has been done by means of Quota sampling method, among 393 students of IsfahanUniversity and IsfahanMedicalUniversity. Multiple regression and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Results show that creativity among students was medium and there are significant relations between motivation, self confidence, parenting practices, participation in group work and creativity. However no relation between age and creativity has been found. Moreover the results show that based on Beta value, participating in group work and self confidence have been correlated with creativity.
Volume 1, Issue 5 , January 2011, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
"Advocacy Planning" as a term was coined by Paul Davidoff in his mid-1960s article in he AIP journal. Being introduced in 1960s, the approach enjoyed vast popularity in 1970s, and its refined version was put into effect in USA and UK then after. The core of Davidoff idea is that different social ...
Read More
"Advocacy Planning" as a term was coined by Paul Davidoff in his mid-1960s article in he AIP journal. Being introduced in 1960s, the approach enjoyed vast popularity in 1970s, and its refined version was put into effect in USA and UK then after. The core of Davidoff idea is that different social groups shall be able to suggest alternative development plans for regions, cities, and neighborhoods. These plans may compete with each other so that the best one would be selected. Davidoff argues: if , as it has often being claimed, planning is a rational technocratic process, then all of alternative plans should be the same .But this is not the case .In practice, plans are meaningfully different because planning is primarily a political procedure, reflecting preferences of various social groups.
By acknowledging pluralism in planning, Davidoff believes that planners should act as advocates of urban or rural communities, vocational or ethnic groups, cities, regions etc. He or she should accept values, interests and preferences of the client social group.
Advocacy planning has been criticized seriously. The main criticism is about the contradictory role of a planner: what is his or her main task? Taking care of the community interests, broader group's interests or professional rules or norms which somehow reflect interests of more people. Furthermore, advocacy planners have been accused of diverting communities from more radical forms of social change. Some other criticizes advocacy planners as they rarely are the real representatives of their client communities.
Volume 1, Issue 4 , May 2010, , Pages 1-34
Abstract
This research discusses the effects of tourism industry on occupation in the region of Uramanat (Kermanshah province) in comparison with other economic sectors. The key question in this research is that what effects and functions this industry has had on employment? Besides, the research is going to ...
Read More
This research discusses the effects of tourism industry on occupation in the region of Uramanat (Kermanshah province) in comparison with other economic sectors. The key question in this research is that what effects and functions this industry has had on employment? Besides, the research is going to answer the following questions as well: -How enterprises of tourism have influenced the quantity of occupation in this region? - Considering other economic sectors which one bring more job vacancy? The concept of tourism (independent variable) with dimensions of Hotel management, restaurants , transportation , whole selling , retailing , tourism attractions as well as the concept of occupation (dependent variable ) with two dimensions of direct and indirect have been examined. In this research hypothesizes were simultaneously tested with two approaches of second data analysis and interview. Findings indicate that there is a significant correlation between development of tourism and occupation. Among all sections of tourism, transportations have made much more job opportunities than the other. Occupation in the region is seasonal and tourism in spring and summer – especially in spring – attracts applicants of other jobs – especially- agriculture. There is a significant correlation between development of tourism and occupation for young generation. Nevertheless tourism has not created job opportunities for women in the region
Volume 1, Issue 3 , July 2010, , Pages 1-30
Abstract
As we know the survival of any organization depends on the existence of healthy workers whether physically or spiritually. For many years researchers and scholars of management science has concentrated on this issue and numerous researches have been done in the field of physical, psychological and spiritual ...
Read More
As we know the survival of any organization depends on the existence of healthy workers whether physically or spiritually. For many years researchers and scholars of management science has concentrated on this issue and numerous researches have been done in the field of physical, psychological and spiritual health and their influences on various aspects of the works of employees and managers in organizations. But the social health as one of the most crucial aspects of health has not been considered significantly by the scholars of organization and management science.
This study investigated the effect of social health on the level of job satisfaction in the Iran khodro leasing company. In this study, social health and job satisfaction has been measured by standard questionnaires. Multiple regression method was used for data analysis. And ultimately, the hypothesis that this research were based on was confirmed.
ahmad bokharaei; mohammad hassan sharbatein; pouya tavafi
Abstract
The present study seeks to measure social health and its different aspects among the youths living in the city of Malaayer, and investigate its relationship with hapiness among the paticipants. It employs a mixed approach in social health and hapiness as its theoretical framework, drawn from the characteristics ...
Read More
The present study seeks to measure social health and its different aspects among the youths living in the city of Malaayer, and investigate its relationship with hapiness among the paticipants. It employs a mixed approach in social health and hapiness as its theoretical framework, drawn from the characteristics of social health in Keyes, Larson and Durkheim views, the approaches of Veenhoven, Argile, Dyner, and the theory of hedonism. It is a developmental research using correlational and analytical methods. The population of the study is comprised of four hundred 18-30-year-old youths living in Malaayer, selected based on random cluster sampling. According to the findings of the study, the extent of social health among the youth is evaluated as medium and upwards (40.44). The level of hapiness is also calculated as medium (44.26). The findings also indicate a correlation of moderate degree (24.0) between the variables of social hapiness and social health.
jafar hezar jaribi; arvaneh astin feshan
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to study the trends of women’s age at marriage and socio-economic factors influencing it during the years 19762006 at the province level in rural and urban areas. First, the theories and background of the subject were reviewed. Then, the censuses of the years ...
Read More
The main objective of this paper is to study the trends of women’s age at marriage and socio-economic factors influencing it during the years 19762006 at the province level in rural and urban areas. First, the theories and background of the subject were reviewed. Then, the censuses of the years 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006 were used and through SPSS software, relevant indicators were estimated. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to analyze the socio-economic determinants of the mean age at first marring for women. The results show that women’s mean age at marriage increased more than one year in urban and rural areas during the last three decades. In addition, there were no considerable differences between women’s mean age at marriage in urban and rural areas. Some of the most important influential factors during the last three decades are unemployment rate, women’s economic participation rate, higher education rate and literacy rate
hananehsadat sadeghi; hasan saraie
Abstract
This research is done in order to study the factors that affect the trend among women to have babies in District 1 and District 19 of Tehran and compare them. A decrease in fertility rate in this city is one of the demographical characteristics of the city. So a study on Tehran is of great importance. ...
Read More
This research is done in order to study the factors that affect the trend among women to have babies in District 1 and District 19 of Tehran and compare them. A decrease in fertility rate in this city is one of the demographical characteristics of the city. So a study on Tehran is of great importance. The Statistical population of this research includes all mothers who go to optometry and audiometry centers for children starting school education. The goal of this research is to study the effect of variables of social support and women’s employment on further pregnancy. Based on the results of Samers' d and Kendall’s tests on variables of social support and inclination to have more children, another significant relationship is identified that shows the strength of kinship network in Iran. But no significant relationship is revealed between the variable of women's employment and socio-economic status of family on the one hand, and inclination to have more children, on the other hand.
ledi akhondfeiz; mohammadsaed zokae
Abstract
The Change of the Happiness Meaning in Life Cycle Transition: A Study Among Women in Kerman Lida Akhoundfeyz[1] , MohammadSaeed Zokaei[2] Received: 10/4/2016 Accepted: 12/12/2016 Abstract Some empirical ...
Read More
The Change of the Happiness Meaning in Life Cycle Transition: A Study Among Women in Kerman Lida Akhoundfeyz[1] , MohammadSaeed Zokaei[2] Received: 10/4/2016 Accepted: 12/12/2016 Abstract Some empirical studies reveal that happiness as a category and a social construct show some variations during different periods of lifetime. Besides the biological reality of age, the social impact of generation can explain quality of joy experience and reactions to joyful situations and tries to understand how women and girls make sense of their happiness experiences in different periods of their life. In this article mentality, experience and interpretation of happiness in three age groups (adolescents, young and middle aged) has been studied based on a qualitative approach and through individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups with girls and women in Kerman. The results of this study indicate that women’s understanding and interpretation of happiness is not constant. Findings also represent how generational experiences, gender politics and the biological reality of age which appear externally in women activities and interests, display changes in different life period. In addition the above result confirms the importance of sociological interpretations of joy as well as its attention to the dominant psychological aspects, and it also has implications for some positive performance and interventions in these age groups to manage emotions. Keywords: Happiness, Life Cycle, Women, Generation Experiences [1]. M.A. Degree In Sociology, Graduate At Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, IRAN. Email: Lida_a920@yahoo.com [2]. Professor In Sociology & Cultural Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran. IRAN. Email: saeed.zokaei@gmail.com
asghar bagheri; naier emami; mahnaz mohammadzadh nasrabadi
Abstract
Abstract This study aims to evaluate service quality of of rural production cooperatives in ArdabilCounty. Survey research method is used in this study. All members of the rural cooperatives consist the statistical population of the study and a sample of 180 members of active and inactive cooperatives ...
Read More
Abstract This study aims to evaluate service quality of of rural production cooperatives in ArdabilCounty. Survey research method is used in this study. All members of the rural cooperatives consist the statistical population of the study and a sample of 180 members of active and inactive cooperatives is selected and the data collected by using standard questionnaire of SeveQual with two sections, i.e., expected and perceived quality. Content and face validity of the instrument confirmed by experts. To measure reliability of the instrument, Chronbach''s alpha was calculated applying a pilot study with 30 members. alpha values of o.882 and 0.912 were obtained for expected and perceived quality, respectively. Results shows that there are significant differences between expectations and perceptions in five dimensions of Seve Qual model for the both groups. So that, in active cooperatives the perception scores are higher than expectations for four dimensions (reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy) however, in the inactive cooperatives, perception scores are significantly lower than expectations. Expectation scores in active and inactive cooperatives are 29.56 and 29.68 howevere, their perception scores are 28.02 and 11.85, respectively. It shows that despite of equal expectations of members, inequal services presented by the cooperatives which implies that regardless of other factors, it could affect on the second group to be inefficient and inactive. Keywords: Service Quality, Rural Production Cooperatives, Serve Qual
