Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master of Midwifery

2 Associate Professor of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explain the awareness of the family in dealing with high-risk relationships and related diseases and their impact on social welfare and development. The method of study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data using grounded method (Strauss and Corbin, 1997). The statistical population consisted of all experts in the study area and Tehran parents. Twelve people were selected using purposive sampling, theoretical sampling, as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research tool included semi-structured interviews. For data analysis, three steps coding was applied, including open, axial and selective. Awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and their causal, contextual and intervening conditions has been the paradigm model of this research. Finally ,Early onset of high-risk sexual behaviors causes sexually transmitted diseases and substance use, increases the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and subsequent infertility, infertility, misconduct and adolescents' chronic and incurable diseases, and ultimately reduces the effective and efficient force of society. Therefore, it seems that this lack of awareness can affect the indicators of social welfare and impose high social costs on society and ultimately lead to adverse consequences at the levels of social welfare and development.

Keywords

  • Alipour Z, Eskandari N. (2016). ''Mokhah S. Evaluation of Knowledge and attitude of non-medical students about AIDS. '' Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 26(1), 10-20.
  • Anthamaten, A., N, Dellis. (2020). ''the Use of Technology in the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections. '' Nursing Clinics of North America, 55(3), 379-391.
  • Ayinmoro, A. D., Uzobo, E., Teibowei, B. J., & Fred, J. B. (2020). ''Sexting and other risky sexual Behaviour among female students in a Nigerian academic institution. '' Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 15(2), 116-121.
  • Barrow, R. Y., Ahmed, F., Bolan, G. A., & Workowski, K. A. (2020). ''Recommendations for providing quality sexually transmitted diseases clinical services. '' MMWR Recommendations and Reports, 68(5), 1. ‌
  • Boostani D. (2012). ''Social capital and risky behavior: case study of high school students of Kerman. '' Journal of Social Sciences, 9 (1), 1-31.
  • (2012). ''Estimated HIV incidence among adults and adolescents in the United States, 2007–2010. '' HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report; 17(4).
  • Dutra MR, Campos LN, Guimares MD. (2014). ''Sexually transmitted diseases among psychiatric patients in Brazil. '' Braz J Infect Dis, 18(1), 13-20. PMID: 23933407 DOI: 10. 1016/j. bjid. 2013. 04. 004.
  • Farazmand K, Keshavarz N, Etemad K, et al. (2015). ''Assessment of students' knowledge and attitude toward sexually transmitted infections in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences. '' Journal of Health in the Field 2016, 4.
  • Glaser, B. & Strauss, A. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Glenn, D. (1987). A Studies of Faculty Development Programs in American Association of Bible. Colleges Member Instutions. A Dissertation Doctor of Philosophy, Kansas State University
  • Glassford, M., M, Davis and S, Rivas. (2020). ''Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnancy: An Update for Primary Care Providers. '' Nursing Clinics of North America, 55(3), 403-416.
  • Hill SA, Masters TL, Wachter J. (2016). ''Gonorrhea - an evolving disease of the new millennium. '' Microbial Cell, 3(9), 371-89.
  • Hubach, R. D., O’Neil, A., Stowe, M., Giano, Z., Curtis, B., & Fisher, C. B. (2021). ''Perceived confidentiality risks of mobile technology-based ecologic momentary assessment to assess high-risk behaviors among rural men who have sex with men. '' Archives of sexual behavior50(4), 1641-1650.
  • Jiang, Q., Huang, X., & Tao, R. (2018). ''Examining factors influencing internet addiction and adolescent risk behaviors among excessive internet users. '' Health communication, 33(12), 1434-1444. ‌
  • Kann, L., Olsen, E. O. M., McManus, T., Harris, W. A., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H.,... & Zaza, S. (2016). ''Sexual identity, sex of sexual contacts, and health-related behaviors among students in grades 9–12—United States and selected sites, 2015. '' Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 65(9), 1-202.
  • Leitsch, D. (2016). ''Recent advances in the Trichomonas vaginalis field. '' F1000Research, 5.
  • Levinger GK, J. Snoek D. (1972). Attraction in Relationship: A New Look at Interpersonal Attraction. The University of Michigan General Learning Press.
  • Madise, N., Zulu, E., & Ciera, J. (2007). ''Is poverty a driver for risky sexual Behaviour? Evidence from national surveys of adolescents in four African countries. '' African journal of reproductive health, 83-98.
  • Maheux, A. J., Zhou, Y., Thoma, B. C., Salk, R. H., & Choukas-Bradley, S. (2020). ''Examining Sexual Behavior among US Transgender Adolescents. '' The Journal of Sex Research, 1-11.
  • Malary M, Abedi G, Hamzehgardeshi Z, et al. (2016). ''The prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in Iran: A meta-analysis. '' International journal of reproductive biomedicine (Yazd, Iran), 14(10), 615- 24.
  • Mark H, Dhir A, Roth C. (2015). ''Sexually transmitted infections in the United States: overview and update. '' Am J Nurs; 115(9):34-44. PMID: 26273928 DOI: 10. 1097/01. NAJ. 0000471245. 76692. 28
  • Moore, S., Rosenthal, D., & Mitchell, A. (2020). Youth, AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. Routledge.
  • Nicola A. (2017). Cognitive Informatics in Heath and Biomedicine. 02 June, 165-193.
  • Reis, M., Ramiro, L., De Matos, M. G., Diniz, J. A. (2011). ''The effects of sex education in promoting sexual and reproductive health in Portuguese university students. '' Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 477- 485.
  • Roghaei MA, Jamdar F, Ghaheri A. (2013). ''Application of plasma exchange in patients with history of unexplained recurrent abortion: a case series. '' International journal of fertility & sterility; 7(1), 39-42.
  • Shim, BS. (2011). ''Current Concepts in Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases. '' Korean Journal of Urology; 52(9), 589-97.
  • Smith, L., Jackson, S. E., Vancampfort, D., Jacob, L., Firth, J., Grabovac, I., & Koyanagi, A. (2020). ''Sexual behavior and suicide attempts among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 38 countries: A global perspective.'' Psychiatry research, 287, 112564. ‌
  • Steele, M. E., Simons, L. G., Sutton, T. E., & Gibbons, F. X. (2020). ''Family context and adolescent risky sexual behavior: An examination of the influence of family structure, family transitions and parenting. '' Journal of youth and adolescence, 49(6), 1179-1194. ‌
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (Original work published 1990), (2nd Ed), Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage.
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1997). Grounded theory in practice. Sage. ‌
  • Vautrin, H., Senn, N., & Cohidon, C. (2020). ''Primary prevention of sexually transmitted infections in Switzerland: practices of family physicians and their determinants—a national cross-sectional survey. '' BMJ open, 10(9), e032950. ‌
  • Weisman, J., Chase, A., Badolato, G. M., Teach, S. J., Trent, M. E., Chamberlain, J. M., & Goyal, M. K. (2020). ''Adolescent sexual behavior and emergency department use. '' Pediatric emergency care, 36(7), e383-e386. ‌
  • Welsh, J. W., Mataczynski, M., Sarvey, D. B., & Zoltani, J. E. (2020). ''Management of complex co-occurring psychiatric disorders and high-risk behaviors in adolescence. '' Focus, 18(2), 139-149. ‌
  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2012). Strategies and laboratory methods for strengthening surveillance of sexually transmitted infection. [cited 2014 May 5] Available from:

   http://apps. who. int/iris/bitstream/10665/75729/1/97 89241504478_eng. pdf

  • World Health Organization (WHO). Strategies and laboratory methods for strengthening surveillance of sexually transmitted infections. 2011. [cited 2014 Sep 10] Available from:

   http://www. who. int/reproductivehealth/publications /rtis/9789241504478/en