Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Associate Professor, Department of Urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
2 فاطمه غلامی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامهریزی شهری، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایران.
Abstract
In recent years, special attention has been paid to the issue of social resilience. Social resilience is the ability of groups or communities to cope with pressures in the face of change. Therefore, education and learning can play an effective role in promoting social resilience. . This article deals with the role of education and learning in social resilience. In other words, increasing individual abilities increases individual resilience, followed by social resilience. The subject of education and learning is the first principle of increasing one's ability and entering society. In this regard, 3 main variables and 15 dependent variables were examined. The present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting documentary information and survey (questionnaire). Using statistical methods such as factor analysis and correlation with Spearman test and t-test were used to achieve the objectives of this study. The statistical population included 1811 people and according to Cochran's formula, the statistical sample number was 317 people. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its value was 0.834, which indicates that the reliability of the questionnaire is desirable. Also, the effect of learning on resilience is at least 29%, which shows a direct and direct relationship between resilience and learning; Therefore, higher levels of education and learning increase resilience
Keywords
- Altoft, William. (2018). "A study on the resilience and vulnerability of New York City in the wake of 9/11, the financial crisis, and Hurricane. "A thesis for the degree of Master’s Thesis Faculty of Landscape and Society,1-78.
- Angela, Maye-Banbury and Martin, McNally. (2019). "Fortifying futures: how older boomerangers in English multigenerational households boost resilience through social capital accumulation and distribution." Submit an article Journal homepage, 35(3), 439-458.
- Copeland, Samantha, Comes, Tina Bach, Sylvia, Nagenborg, Michael, Schulte, Yannic and Doorn, Neelke. (2020). "Measuring social resilience: Trade-offs, challenges and opportunities for indicator models in transforming societies." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51(3), 1-10.
- Teresa, Carone, Fausto, Marincioni and F. Romagnoli. (2018). "Use of multi-criteria decision analysis to define social resilience to disaster: the case of the Eulfe Primes project." International Scientific Conference Environmental and Climate Technologies, 147,166-174.
- Sequeira, A. H (2018). "Introduction to Concepts of Teaching and Learning", National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India, 3,1-7.
- Godschalk, D. (2003)."Urban Hazard Mitigation: Creating Resilience",Natural Hazard Review, 4(3), 136-143.
- James, Y Nadarajah, K Haive, V Stead. (2012). "Sustainable Communities, Sustainable Development: Other Paths for Papua New" Guinea, University of Hawai Press, Honolulu, 36-1-107.
- Jeremy Gibberd. (2017). "Social Resilience in Urban Areas." Proceedings 11th Built Environment Conference,6,1-14.
- Jin Yang and Rika Yorozu. (2015). "Building a Learning Society in Japan, the Republic of Korea and Singapore", UIL Publication Series on Lifelong Learning Policies and Strategies, 2,1-47.
- Karholm,M, Nylund,K, Delafunte,P.P. (2014). "Spatil resilience and urban planning: Addressing the interdependence of urban retail areas." Citis, 36, 121- 130.
- Keck, Markus, Sakdapolrak, Patrick. (2013). "What is Social Resilience? Lessons Learned and Ways Forward", Erdkunde, 67(1), 5-19.
- Maguire, B. Hagan, P.C. (2007). "Disasters and communities: understanding social resilience." The Australlian Journal of Emergency Management, 22(2), 16-19.
- Mewes, Jan, Fairbrother, Malcolm, Giordano, Giuseppe Nicola,Wu, Cary, Wilkes,Rima. (2021). "Experiences matter: A longitudinal study of individual-level, sources of declining social trust in the United States." journal Elsevier, 95, 1-14.
- Li, Y, Kappas, M, Pavao-Zuckerman, M. (2018). "Identifying the key catastrophic variables of urban social-environmental resilience and early warning signal." Environment International, 11(3),184 –190.
- Longworth, Norman, Davies, W. Keith. (2003). "Lifelong Learning: New Vision, New Implications, New Roles for People, Organizations, Nations and Communities in the 21st Century. London." 25(1), 1-179.
- Putnam, R. (2000). "Bowling Alone: the Collapse and Revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster." Journal of Catholic EducationJournal of Catholic Education, 6, 266-268.
- Ribeiro, P. J. G, Gonçalves, L. (2019). "Urban resilience: A conceptual framework." Sustainable Cities and Society, 50, 1-11.
- Kyle M. Straub, Robert A. Duller, Brady Z. Foreman, and Elizabeth A. Hajek. (2020). "Buffered, Incomplete, and Shredded: The Challengesof Reading an Imperfect Stratigraphic Record." Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface,125(3),1-44.
- Kristen Magis. (2010). "Community Resilience: An Indicator of Social Sustainability." Society & Natural Resources An International Journal, 23(5), 401-416.
- Shaw, D, Scully, J, Hart, T. (2014). "The paradox of social resilience: How cognitive strategies and coping mechanisms attenuate and accentuate resilience." Journal Global Environmental Change, 25, 194-203.
- Tippens, J. A. (2019). "Urban Congolese Refugees’ Social Capital and Community Resilience During a Period of Political Violence in Kenya: A Qualitative Study." Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 18, 42-59.
- Saja, Abdul Majeed Aslam, Goonetilleke, Ashantha, Teo, Melissa, & Mohamed Ziyath, Abdul. (2019). "A critical review of social resilience assessment frameworks in disaster management." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 35, 1-32.
- United Nations Educational. (2015). "Scientific and Cultural Organization, Guidelines for Building Learning Cities", 2-6.
- UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learnin. (2015). "Guidelines for Building Learning Cities Hamburg, Germany".
- Zhuang, Rongxia, Fang, Haiguang, Zhang, Yan, Lu, Aofan, Huang, Ronghuai. (2017). "Smart learning environments for a smart city: from the perspective of lifelong and lifewide learning." Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University" ,22(7), 2-21.
- Wang, Bo, Looc, Becky P.Y, Zhene, Feng, Xie, Guanglian (2020). "Urban resilience from the lens of social media data: Responses to urban flooding in Nanjing, China." 1-106.