Maryam Ebrahimi
Abstract
مساله توسعه پایدار در گرو مشارکت بهینه و موثر زنان در عرصه های مختلف اجتماعی است. صرف نظر از برخی موانع ساختاری، دستیابی به موقعیت موثر برای ایفای نقش‌های مورد انتظار ...
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مساله توسعه پایدار در گرو مشارکت بهینه و موثر زنان در عرصه های مختلف اجتماعی است. صرف نظر از برخی موانع ساختاری، دستیابی به موقعیت موثر برای ایفای نقش‌های مورد انتظار از زنان در گرو امکان رقابت برابر است. یکی از سیاستهایی که با فرض نبود موانع دستیابی حقوقی مورد نظر است، سیاست تبعیض مثبت است. تبعیض مثبت/ اقدام مثبت به مجموعه قوانین، سیاستها و آیین نامه‌ها و فرآیندهایی گفته میشود که با هدف قرارگیری گروههای نابرخوردار در موضع برابر با گروههای برخوردار وضع می شود. از زمان برنامه سوم توسعه بصورت رسمی بخشی مربوط به زنان در برنامه‌ها در نظر گرفته شده اما با وجود سیاست‌های مختلفی که برای ورود زنان به بحث توسعه مدنظر بوده همچنان مسائلی در این حوزه مطرح است. در این مطالعه به روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی به بررسی اسناد سیاستگذاری در حوزهای آموزش، اشتغال از منظر تبعیض مثبت پرداخته‌شد. نتایج نشان می دهد که سیاست‌های حوزه تبعیض مثبت در درجه اول مبتنی بر رویکرد آشتی نقش، در درجه دوم مبتنی بر توانمندسازی و در درجه سوم بر مبنای اصلاحات ساختاری به سمت تشابه حقوقی زن و مرد بوده است؛ اما این سیاستها بدلیل فقدان وفاق در سطح گفتمانی، فقدان وجود زیرساخت‌های لازم نه تنها قابلیت اجرا نیافته بلکه از حیث شمولیت تنها دو گروه از زنان شامل زنان نخبه و زنان محروم مورد توجه سیاست‌گذار بوده‌اند.
mohammad soheilsarv; jafar hezarjarebi; m k; ardsher Entezari
Abstract
The quantitative development of higher education depends on the policies adopted by different governments. But social demand can disrupt these policies. Increasing number of universities and uneven development of higher education influenced by global developments such as mass becoming one of the factors ...
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The quantitative development of higher education depends on the policies adopted by different governments. But social demand can disrupt these policies. Increasing number of universities and uneven development of higher education influenced by global developments such as mass becoming one of the factors affecting the social demand of the population for the development of higher education in the country. The purpose of this article is to explore the impact of Iranian higher education development policies on social demand and the causes of social demand for higher education in the country.For this purpose, qualitative method was used. At the data gathering stage, firstly, a documentary study of the policies and laws of the country in the field of higher education policies was carried out, and in the other part of the research, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 30 higher education informants and stakeholders.The findings of the present study indicate that population growth and the growth of basic literacy rates in the country over the past decades, on the one hand, and social justice and the public's awareness of the right to know on the other have been the basis for their social demand.Social demand has led to the lack of territorial planning in the field of higher education and thus to the inadvertent establishment of educational centers, the high unemployment of university graduates and the consequence of passive policies in the field of higher education, and education has been deprived of quality.Therefore, given the social demand of higher education in Iran, which is rooted in the acquisition of cultural status, the causal link between higher education and employment is not conceivable.
Ali Akbar Tajmazinani; Maryam Ebrahimi; m k
Abstract
Abstract This paper aims to explore the dominant gender discourses in employment policies after Islamic Revolution of Iran using a gender analysis approach and qualitative content analysis method. The Result shows that, there are various propositions of competing gender discourses in employment policies ...
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Abstract This paper aims to explore the dominant gender discourses in employment policies after Islamic Revolution of Iran using a gender analysis approach and qualitative content analysis method. The Result shows that, there are various propositions of competing gender discourses in employment policies that have witnessed changes in terms of time period, approving authority and occupation types. In other words, while categories that represent the intrinsic approach are dominate in various political discourses and documents, such as the priority of maternal and spousal roles for women, man head of household, harmful employment, primacy of private sphere, family centered approach, and different rights and duties, policy makers have reserved conditional employment for elite women. From the perspective of extrinsic approach, there are some categories such as: equal payment, skill centered approach, women empowerment and necessity of structural changes. In sum, based on McPhail’s model, one can explore extrinsic and intrinsic approaches in Iranian employment policies at the same time which shows that policy approaches and orientations are inconsistent. Keywords: Gender analysis, Employment, Women, Family, Gender Discourses
