Given the intensification of risks and the proliferation of social tensions in contemporary societies, clarifying the concept of social resilience, advancing its theoretical development, and proposing new conceptual frameworks have become an important necessity for accurate planning and policymaking in this field. The central question of the present study is: what are the most significant theories and theoretical approaches proposed in the field of social resilience? Furthermore, which conceptual frameworks have been developed to explain the dimensions and indicators of this concept? This study is qualitative in nature and was conducted using a comparative research approach. For data collection, scholarly articles that reviewed and theoretically categorized the concepts of resilience and social resilience were selected. These classifications were then compared with one another and subsequently reclassified based on their similarities and differences. The findings indicate that in examining the theoretical evolution of resilience, four main categories can be identified: individual traits, process-oriented perspectives, systemic perspectives, and emerging trends. The most important theoretical approaches to the concept of social resilience include functionalist, systemic, social capital, empowerment, and transformative approaches. Within these theories, the trajectory of resilience has evolved from passive adaptation to crises toward leveraging tensions as opportunities for change and advancement. Developing a theoretical typology and reflecting on the evolutionary trajectory of these theories can facilitate their further advancement and deeper application.