The Great Seljuk era represents a period in which three intellectual and epistemic traditions—Persian, Islamic, and Turkic—coexisted within a unified system of governance and shaped the political, social, and cultural structures of the time. This study examines the reflection of social service thought in light of these intellectual traditions and seeks to explain how the plurality of these sources was manifested in the formation of the Seljuk model of social services. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach and uses the historical analysis method to examine advisory literature, Islamic texts, and the written Turkic heritage. The findings indicate that social service thought in the Seljuk era emerged from the interaction of these three traditions, each fulfilling a distinct function in its development. Islamic teachings provided the moral foundations of social services; the Persian experience of statecraft played the primary role in organizing administrative mechanisms and shaping social policy; and the Turkic political military heritage supplied the executive capacity necessary for implementing these policies. Despite these differences, a comparative analysis of the sources reveals that concepts such as social justice, public welfare, support for vulnerable groups, cooperation, and the maintenance of social order served as shared principles among these traditions. Together, they contributed to the formation of a multidimensional and coherent model of social services within the governance structure of the Seljuk state.