Social Development & Welfare Planning

Abstract Awareness of the poverty situation in a society will be the first step in the planning process to combat poverty and deprivation and to review the results of previous programs and policies and possibly revise them. This study aims to provide a model to explain poverty in semi-urban areas of Khuzestan province. The method used in this research is data foundation theory. The participants of the present study are 24 poverty-related stakeholders who either live in the study areas or have work experience and administrative activities and interaction with these areas. Semi-structured interview technique was used to collect data and purposive sampling was used to select cases. After coding, ten main categories of data emerged, each of which was completely analyzed based on the text of the interviews. The emerging paradigm includes three dimensions of conditions, actions-interactions and consequences, which based on the results of research in the dimension of conditions including (lack of social capacity building, challenges of attracting investors, lack of accountability and transparency in the performance of public institutions in decision optimization). Implemented grievances and strategies, injustice in the distribution the dimension of action-interaction (Allocation of government facilities to real bority) Humanity and security of people Erosion of quality of life, crisis of knowledge aced and irregular development between regions - ruralization at the origin) formed د.

Abstract Work-related injury is one of the main reasons of job loss and bearing negative psychological, professional and social consequences for workers. This article aims to promote knowledge about stigma targeting injured workers, especially to explain the nature and processes of stigma and its impact on the lives of the affected workers. In this study, the Constructivist Grounded Theory method by interpretative-constructivist approach was used. A semi-structured interview was used as a data collection technique. The sampling method is purposeful and theoretical.The samples were obtained by attending the Department of Cooperatives, Labour, and Social Welfare, as well as the Social Security Organization.Theoretical saturation was achieved when the number of samples reached 11 people.The data analysis has been done with the Constructivist Grounded Theory method. Analyzing the experience of the participants led to many cases of experiencing negative labels, obstruction in career path, injury legitimacy loss, and the experience of not being desired in interpersonal relationships, that has been investigated in categories such as the weakness of empathy, the difficulty of returning, the imposition of multiple costs,the struggle for acceptance and proof, and the weakness of organizational supervision and support. The principal category is the spread of harm through stigma (the domino of harm/stigma), which focuses on the spread of deprivation and exclusion caused by the stigma of injury in various areas of personal and social life.

Abstract Tourism is one of the most important industries in the world that plays an important role in the economic development of countries. As a result of developed and industrialized countries, many developing countries have now achieved economic growth through the development of the tourism industry. The present study is quantitative and analytical. The required data for the research have been collected through the yearbook of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization in 2019. Using Shannon entropy model, the weight of urban tourism indicators has been calculated and these weights have been used in Mairca techniques and by using this technique, urban tourism services in Iran have been studied. Mairca technique and calculating the sum of the final values of the total gap show that Tehran province has the highest score of urban tourism with a score of (0/0154). Bushehr province with points (0/0318), Sistan and Baluchestan province with points (0/0318) and Ilam province with points (0/0318) have the lowest points in the field of services related to urban tourism. The coefficient of determination is 0/747 and shows that 74/7% of the changes in the development situation depend on tourism services and Facilities and the remaining 25/3% depend on other factors.

Abstract In the Kurdish areas, kolberi has turned from an economic activity into a socio-cultural life of the world and Despite the risks, security implications and institutional measures have continued. In this regard, intervention measures have been implemented by various governments in order to organize and control this painful situation. The aim of the current research is to analyze the implementation of the program of regulations for the organization of exchange in informal temporary border markets. In order to achieve this goal, the present research has been used with the conceptual support of collaborative development and critical ethnographic methodology to conduct the research. The target community is the institutional and non-institutional actors related to Kolberi in Baneh city, and 71 people involved were selected for semi-structured interviews through purposeful and snowball sampling. The findings showed that Kolbari's organizing program was dominated by ignoring, capital-oriented orientation and hasty confrontation of institutional brokers and And their understanding and experience of these programs has indicated their inability and bureaucratization. The implementation of the Kolberi organizing program has led to the aggravation of poverty and the reproduction of authoritarianism, the revival of Kolberi, the disregard of the world and the practical experience of the border dwellers, and disruption of the village order.

Abstract Urban‌housing‌policy, as‌one‌of‌the‌most important areas of urban‌policy has always been considered by urban‌ planners and policy‌makers. While some populist‌policies of ‌development with the aim‌of maximizing adaptation to the conditions of target group, especially their income, have undergone theoretical ‌reductionism and in long run negative‌ economic, physical, environmental, political and socio-cultural effects; trying to reduce these effects is sometimes difficult or costly. In‌this‌regard, the "Mehr‌Housing Plan" has been reviewed in this article, which is seen in the strategic ‌housing-document of the country in 2006 and in paragraph "d" of the 2007 budget law, with emphasis on the low-income target‌ group. The ‌approach of present study is qualitative ‌based on the semi-structured researcher-made questionnaire by purposeful interview at the level of knowledgeable experts. Out of a total of 22‌main codes and 22‌identified related concepts, 15‌main categories have been extracted and analyzed in the form of 4‌main research questions According to the findings, in the Mehr housing project, 7 characteristics of populism that can be traced in the idea, implementation and trends of the project have been identified and explained. Emphasis is placed on results orientation and immediate effectiveness of plans, instead of quality orientation, as well as polarization and border and text conflicts.

Abstract Knowing dimensions of the government's capacity in Iran is very important because after Islamic Revolution, economic activity of the government has expanded for many reasons and this problem has caused inefficiency in political and economic sectors of the country. The purpose of this research is to investigate causes of Iran's government inefficiency in formation and support of a powerful and independent private sector in the period from 1358 to 1384. In this research, the documentary method was used to collect data and the causal analysis method (process tracing technique) was used to determine effects of research variables. The results of research show that the political structure that emerged after victory of the 1957 revolution, with unequal distribution of wealth and creation of rent among groups close to their own intellectual space, removed other social and political groups from the competition. Ended the result of such a process will be the government's tools in hands of certain social groups in order to maintain and expand their interests. The political blockage created in the economic arena through tools such as creating ambiguity in laws and regulations and distorting transparency in competitive mechanisms followed and led to formation of government monopoly and inefficiency; continuation of such a process has made the formation of the independent private sector in the country face serious problems.

Abstract Identifying the variables affected by the Covid 19 epidemic crisis can help policy-making to further strengthen and sustain society in similar crises. Given that social and economic factors can also exacerbate the crisis, so identifying them is essential in controlling this disease and similar crises. In the present paper, using the probit regression model, the effect of demographic factors and several other socio-economic variables such as income class, socio-economic status and borrowing on employment status after the corona was measured compared to before in Mashhad. . Data in this article were collected online using a questionnaire that amounts to 1093 questionnaires. The results show that recipients of loans and grants, tenants and people with the lowest income levels have experienced worse working conditions. With increasing education, the impact of the corona has diminished. People with lower socioeconomic status have experienced worse job status. Men have lost more jobs than women, as well as unpaid and paid jobs, and those in the private sector have suffered the most job damage during the Covid 19 period. The results show that by supporting low-income groups, as well as investing more in education and upgrading education, and providing more support to the government and other low-income support institutions, can reduce the damage caused by the corona.

Abstract Achieving sustainable and comprehensive development depends on social participation, and it is necessary to pay attention to it and to emphasize it, because with its support, people can undertake their destiny and achieve specific and pre-determined goals.This research was conducted to sociologically investigate social participation and the factors affecting it in the less developed counties of Javanroud and Ravansar in Kermansha Province. The research method is survey (quantitative) and a questionnaire tool was used to collect data.The statistical population of this research is all citizens over 18 years old living in Javanroud and Ravansar Counties. The sample size for this research was 384 individuals who were selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling method. Pearson's correlation coefficent and multivarite regression were used to analyze the data.The findings of the research indicate the average level of social participation in the Counties of Javanroud and Ravansar and there is a significant relationship between the independent variables (localism, family orientation, marital status and gender) and the dependent variable (social participation).The results from regression analysis showed that independent variables ecplain a small amount of changes in dependent variables, and among the factors influencing social participation the variables of family orientation, local orientation, gender and marriage had the greatest impact respectively.

Abstract In recent years, we have seen an increase in the phenomenon of marriage phobia and postponement of marriage by young people, especially in big cities like Tehran. The present study seeks to discover and analyze the legal foundations of marriage phobia, or in other words, to understand the attitude of single youths regarding the legal duties that are imposed on them after marriage, and also to identify the situations in which these duties affect the postponement of marriage for young people. and it is a qualitative research based on thematic analysis method, in which 20 unmarried girls and boys living in Tehran in 2019, who were mostly facing postponement of marriage and were selected in a purposeful way, were interviewed. and also analyzing the data from the interviews in the form of three stages of describing the stories, classifying them and interpreting the data, it was found that single young people have three dominant attitudes about the legal obligations arising from the marriage contract. 1. Expansion of demanding equal rights. 2. Becoming sensitive to some individual and legal rights of marriage. 3. Trial of customary and legal duties of marriage. Also, the incompatibility of customs with the legal obligations of marriage and the conflict

Abstract Commercial banks can be considered the main institutions of the money market, which help to create positive economic growth in the country as well as economic stability. Addressing social responsibilities by banks, in addition to a positive role in sustainable development, can help banks improve brand, create more value and profit, increase the customer loyalty, as well as gain customer trust and confidence. Social responsibility is not only a differentiating competitive factor but also as a survival factor and it is precisely the distinction between successful and inefficient banks. In this article, an attempt has been made to identify barriers and facilitators of social responsibility implementation in commercial banks of Iran by using a study of the views of banking experts and customers. The research method is qualitative content analysis and the method of collecting and obtaining the views of customers and banking experts has been detailed and lengthy interviews and has continued until data saturation. Finally, 22 interviews were conducted (11 interviews with customers and 11 interviews with banking experts). banks' management conditions, performance of effective stakeholders, organizational processes, the bank's position in the minds of customers, environmental factors, laws and regulations were determined as the barriers and facilitators of banks 'social responsibility, after reviewing and analyzing the two mentioned perspectives.

Abstract Happy City is a solution proposed by Charles Montgomery that can be used as a suitable approach to solve the challenges of depression and lack of happiness in cities. This article aims is identify the factors and components affecting the happy city in Babol city. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and combined methods are used in terms of research method. The information required for the study to identify the factors and components of a happy city was obtained by studying library and documentary sources and the fuzzy Delphi method. The statistical population of the study consists of urban science specialists and 28 people have been selected as the sample using the judgmental and available method. First, with library and documentary studies, 5 physical, economical, social, environmental and managerial factors have been identified along with 54 components affecting the happy city. Then, with the two-step fuzzy Delphi method, 42 components affecting the happy city in Babol city have been approved by experts. According to the results of Fuzzy Delphi, the component of urban furniture and artistic elements has the highest and the satisfaction of car ownership has the lowest impact on the happy city in Babol city. Also, physical and social factors respectively have the highest and lowest impact on the happy city in Babol city.